-TʼIʼ

-TʼIʼ

Navajo

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *t’əkʸ’ (“to be stretched, taut”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna nic’et’ (“it is stretched”) (with metathesis), Gwich'in niint’aii (“it is extended”), Chipewyan nįtʼiy (“it is tight”).

Describes the extension into a line of a slender flexible object as a rope, a wire, and by extension, a fence, a road, rails or a line of people.

Root

-TʼIʼ

1. SFO extends

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
Ø	extensional	S extends yitʼééh (Ø-MOM) iitʼééh ditʼééh ↳ hoditʼééh haatʼééh — náztʼiʼ (REV) yítʼééh (ni-MOM) chʼétʼééh niitʼééh naatʼiʼ (CONT) yitʼih (PROG) ↳ hootʼih ?	S extends O yiłtʼééh (Ø-MOM) iiłtʼééh yidiłtʼééh   haiłtʼééh neiłtʼééh néíłtʼih (REV) yíłtʼééh (ni-MOM) chʼííłtʼééh niyíłtʼééh neiłtʼiʼ (CONT) yoołtʼih (PROG)   náyoołtʼih
Ø		S extends (above bases in the perf.) íítʼiʼ (NEUT) yítʼiʼ ninítʼiʼ ...

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tʼééh	-tʼiʼ	-tʼih	-tʼih	-tʼééh
CONT	-tʼiʼ	-tʼiʼ	-tʼih	-tʼih	-tʼiʼ
REV	-tʼih	-tʼiʼ	-tʼih	-tʼih	-tʼih
NEUTER	-	-tʼiʼ	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

SFO verbs:

• -DÉÉL (SFO moves)
• -LÁ (handle SFO)

• -CHʼĄ́Ą́L (move suspended)
• -LOʼ (act with rope)
• -ZǪ́Ǫ́Z (pull a rope)

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼIʼ (SFO extends)

Etymology 2

Etymology uncertain. Cognate not found in other Athabaskan languages.

There is some variation in the actual stems of the imperfective and perfective modes, both -tʼiʼ and -tʼi being reported by various sources. Perhaps an influence of -TʼIʼabove.

Root

-TʼIʼ

  1. to stagger, to wobble

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
ʼa + ni + Ø	motion	S staggers adínítʼééh (MOM) ńdíʼníitʼééh naʼnitʼi (CONT) anootʼih (PROG)

  2. to go swiftly, to streak

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
dzi + d	motion	S goes swiftly tázdítʼééh (MOM) ndzitʼi (CONT) dzootʼih (PROG)

  3. to beat hard, to pound (the heart of a frightened person)

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
dzi + d	successive	S beats hard bízdítʼih (REP)

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tʼééh	-tʼiʼ	-tʼih	-tʼih	-tʼééh
CONT	-tʼi	-tʼi	-tʼih	-tʼih	-tʼi
REP	-tʼih	-	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to stagger:

• -DZAʼ
• -TŁʼIIZH

to pulsate:

• -TÁÁL
• -TAH
• -TŁAH

to go swiftly, to dash:

• -TÁÁL
• -TEEʼ
• -WOD
• -ZAAL

 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼIʼ (stagger)