-TʼEʼ
Navajo
Etymology 1
From Proto-Athabaskan *tʼe (“to be thus”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna ntʼae (“it is”), neltʼeʼ (“there are many”), Chipewyan bénɛłtʼɛ (“you're like him”).
Root
-TʼEʼ
1. to be
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ø | adjectival | S is thus
| |||||
l | adjectival | S is a certain number
| |||||
ł | adjectival | S is similar, is like
|
2. Various meanings depending on thematic prefix
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hashtʼe + Ø | S is calm or ready
| ||||||
P + ni + ł | S causes P to lose everything
| ||||||
shó + Ø | S is acquired
| S acquires O
|
Stem set
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -tʼeeh | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeeł | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh |
NEUT | -tʼé | - | - | - | - |
ABS | -tʼé | - | - | - | - |
COMP | -tʼeʼ | - | - | - | - |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
to be:
- -LĮ́Į́ʼ
- -LĮĮD
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼEʼ (be)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Athabaskan *tʼə̓qʼ (“animate or stick-like object moves”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna tiiłtʼak (“I threw it away (a stick)”), Koyukon kʼəltʼəx (“to hit something with a stick”).
Also occurs in Navajo along with hi-seriative in a motion theme related to hopping (literally, to “throw” oneself successively).
Root
-TʼEʼ
- to propel a slender stiff object (SSO) or animate object (AnO)
Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O + ł | motion | S propels SSO/AnO
| |||||
O + ł | successive | S hits SSO/AnO (against P)
| |||||
hi + d | motion | S hops
|
Stem set
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeeł | -tʼeeh | -tʼeʼ |
CONT | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeʼ | -tʼeeł | -tʼeeh | -tʼeʼ |
REP | -tʼeeh | - | - | - | - |
SEM | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh | -tʼeeh |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
AnO verbs:
- -TĮ́ (handle AnO)
- -GOʼ (AnO moves)
- -TŁIZH (AnO moves)
- -TĮ́ (AnO lies — 1S)
- -TÉÉZH (AnO lie — 2S)
- -JÉÉʼ (AnO lie — 3+S)
SSO verbs:
- -TĄ́ (handle SSO)
- -KĘ́Ę́Z (SSO moves)
- -ʼÁ (SSO extends)
to hop:
- -CHAʼ
- -TŁÉÉʼ
- -TSAAD
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼEʼ (propel SSO/AnO)