tw
Translingual
Symbol
tw
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Twi.
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tuː/
- Conventional anglicization: tu
Etymology 1
From earlier tj.
Determiner
|
f sg proximal, later copular/vocative demonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian) this
- (Middle Egyptian) O (vocative reference)
Usage notes
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows the noun it describes.
Inflection
determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
proximal to speaker | pn | tn, jtn | jpnj | jptnj | jpn | jptn | nn | — |
distal | pf | tf | jpfj | jptfj | jpf | jptf | nf | — |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, py, p | tj, tw, jtw | jpwj | jptwj | jpw | jptw | nw | — |
vocative | pꜣ | tꜣ | — | — | — | — | nꜣ | ꜥꜣ |
|
determiners and pronouns | adverbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | plural1 | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |||
proximal | pn | tn | nn | ꜥn | ||
distal | pf, pfꜣ | tf, tfꜣ | nf, nfꜣ | ꜥf | ||
‘copula’; vocative | pw, pwy | tw, twy | nw | — | ||
anaphoric | pꜣ | tꜣ | nꜣ | ꜥꜣ | ||
|
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw | dj | ||||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj | tꜣj | nꜣj | |||
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) | pꜣy | tꜣy | nꜣy | |||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ | t-nt, tꜣ | nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
definite articles | pꜣ | tꜣ | nꜣ1 | |||
indefinite articles | wꜥ1 | nhꜣy1 | ||||
|
Alternative forms
| ||
tw |
There is also an alternative form that cannot stand alone as a pronoun: twy.
Pronoun
|
impersonal enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- (Middle Egyptian) used as the impersonal subject of an adverbial predicate or verb form; one, someone or something unspecified
- used as a substitute for noun phrases referring to the king [since the New Kingdom]
Usage notes
tw can be used as a subject without any introductory particle only with a verb in the periphrastic prospective (the pseudoverbal construction with r).
In the sense referring to the king, this pronoun is conventionally translated as capitalized “One”.
Alternative forms
|
|
| |||||||
tw | t | tj | |||||||
rare |
Derived terms
- tw.tw
Related terms
- .tw
Pronoun
|
m sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
- Variant spelling of ṯw
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 54–55, 181 page 51, 54–55, 181.
- Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
White Hmong
Etymology
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tu̯eiX (“tail”). Cognate with Iu Mien dueiv.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɨ˧/
Noun
tw
- tail