turpo
Latin
Etymology
From turpis.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈtur.poː/, [ˈt̪ʊrpoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtur.po/, [ˈt̪urpo]
Verb
turpō (present infinitive turpāre, perfect active turpāvī, supine turpātum); first conjugation
- I make ugly; disfigure, deform, mar; defile, pollute.
- (figuratively) I dishonor, disgrace.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of turpō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | turpō | turpās | turpat | turpāmus | turpātis | turpant |
| imperfect | turpābam | turpābās | turpābat | turpābāmus | turpābātis | turpābant | |
| future | turpābō | turpābis | turpābit | turpābimus | turpābitis | turpābunt | |
| perfect | turpāvī | turpāvistī | turpāvit | turpāvimus | turpāvistis | turpāvērunt, turpāvēre | |
| pluperfect | turpāveram | turpāverās | turpāverat | turpāverāmus | turpāverātis | turpāverant | |
| future perfect | turpāverō | turpāveris | turpāverit | turpāverimus | turpāveritis | turpāverint | |
| sigmatic future1 | turpāssō | turpāssis | turpāssit | turpāssimus | turpāssitis | turpāssint | |
| passive | present | turpor | turpāris, turpāre | turpātur | turpāmur | turpāminī | turpantur |
| imperfect | turpābar | turpābāris, turpābāre | turpābātur | turpābāmur | turpābāminī | turpābantur | |
| future | turpābor | turpāberis, turpābere | turpābitur | turpābimur | turpābiminī | turpābuntur | |
| perfect | turpātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | turpātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | turpātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | turpem | turpēs | turpet | turpēmus | turpētis | turpent |
| imperfect | turpārem | turpārēs | turpāret | turpārēmus | turpārētis | turpārent | |
| perfect | turpāverim | turpāverīs | turpāverit | turpāverīmus | turpāverītis | turpāverint | |
| pluperfect | turpāvissem | turpāvissēs | turpāvisset | turpāvissēmus | turpāvissētis | turpāvissent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | turpāssim | turpāssīs | turpāssīt | turpāssīmus | turpāssītis | turpāssint | |
| passive | present | turper | turpēris, turpēre | turpētur | turpēmur | turpēminī | turpentur |
| imperfect | turpārer | turpārēris, turpārēre | turpārētur | turpārēmur | turpārēminī | turpārentur | |
| perfect | turpātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | turpātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | turpā | — | — | turpāte | — |
| future | — | turpātō | turpātō | — | turpātōte | turpantō | |
| passive | present | — | turpāre | — | — | turpāminī | — |
| future | — | turpātor | turpātor | — | — | turpantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | turpāre | turpāvisse | turpātūrum esse | turpārī | turpātum esse | turpātum īrī | |
| participles | turpāns | — | turpātūrus | — | turpātus | turpandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| turpandī | turpandō | turpandum | turpandō | turpātum | turpātū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
References
- “turpo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “turpo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- turpo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette