turma
See also: turmă and turmã
Catalan
Etymology
Probably from a pre-Roman root.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /ˈtuɾ.mə/
- (Central) IPA(key): /ˈtur.mə/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈtuɾ.ma/
Noun
turma f (plural turmes)
- animal testicle
Hypernyms
- testicle
Further reading
- “turma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Finnish
Etymology
Borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?] (compare Icelandic tyrma (“to overwhelm”)). Related to Livvi turmu.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈturmɑ/, [ˈt̪urmɑ]
- Rhymes: -urmɑ
- Syllabification(key): tur‧ma
Noun
turma
- accident, especially one with casualties
Declension
| Inflection of turma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | turma | turmat | |
| genitive | turman | turmien | |
| partitive | turmaa | turmia | |
| illative | turmaan | turmiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | turma | turmat | |
| accusative | nom. | turma | turmat |
| gen. | turman | ||
| genitive | turman | turmien turmainrare | |
| partitive | turmaa | turmia | |
| inessive | turmassa | turmissa | |
| elative | turmasta | turmista | |
| illative | turmaan | turmiin | |
| adessive | turmalla | turmilla | |
| ablative | turmalta | turmilta | |
| allative | turmalle | turmille | |
| essive | turmana | turmina | |
| translative | turmaksi | turmiksi | |
| instructive | — | turmin | |
| abessive | turmatta | turmitta | |
| comitative | — | turmineen | |
| Possessive forms of turma (type koira) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | turmani | turmamme |
| 2nd person | turmasi | turmanne |
| 3rd person | turmansa | |
Derived terms
- turmio (“ruin, something which leads to serious troubles”)
Compounds
- junaturma
- lentoturma
- tapaturma
Anagrams
- murat, rumat
Latin
Etymology
From turba. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈtur.ma/, [ˈt̪ʊrmä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtur.ma/, [ˈt̪urmä]
Noun
turma f (genitive turmae); first declension
- a troop, squadron of cavalry, team
- (in general) a troop, crowd, company, throng, band, body
Declension
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | turma | turmae |
| Genitive | turmae | turmārum |
| Dative | turmae | turmīs |
| Accusative | turmam | turmās |
| Ablative | turmā | turmīs |
| Vocative | turma | turmae |
Derived terms
- turmālis
- turmāriī
- turmātim
Descendants
- → Albanian: turmë
- → Ancient Greek: τύρμα (túrma)
- Aromanian: turmã
- Friulian: torme
- Italian: torma
- Portuguese: turma
- Romanian: turmă
- Spanish: turma
References
- “turma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “turma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- turma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- turma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- “turma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “turma”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from German Turm, from Middle High German turn, turm, from Old High German torn, from Old French, from Latin turris.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtur.ma/
- Rhymes: -urma
- Syllabification: tur‧ma
Noun
turma f
- (archaic) prison
- Synonyms: więzienie, ciupa
Declension
Declension of turma
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | turma | turmy |
| genitive | turmy | turm |
| dative | turmie | turmom |
| accusative | turmę | turmy |
| instrumental | turmą | turmami |
| locative | turmie | turmach |
| vocative | turmo | turmy |
Further reading
- turma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- turma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin turma (“crowd, company”), perhaps a borrowing. Compare Italian torma.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈtuʁ.mɐ/ [ˈtuɦ.mɐ]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ˈtuɾ.mɐ/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈtuʁ.mɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈtuɻ.ma/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈtuɾ.mɐ/
Noun
turma f (plural turmas)
- a group of people
- gang (number of friends)
- class (group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year)
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:turma.
Romanian
Noun
turma
- definite nominative/accusative singular of turmă
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtuɾma/ [ˈt̪uɾ.ma]
- Rhymes: -uɾma
- Syllabification: tur‧ma
Noun
turma f (plural turmas)
- testicle
- a kind of potato
Further reading
- “turma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014