tundo
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *tundō, nasal infix present from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-[1], from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”). Cognate with Old Irish do·tuit (“falls, crumbles”), Dutch stoten, German stoßen, English stot, Albanian shtyj (“to push”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈtun.doː/, [ˈt̪ʊn̪d̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtun.do/, [ˈt̪un̪d̪o]
Verb
tundō (present infinitive tundere, perfect active tutudī, supine tūnsum); third conjugation
- I beat, strike, buffet.
- I pound, bruise, crush, pulp, bray (as in a mortar).
- c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon 4.267:
- proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem […]
- It's good too to blend a taste of pounded oak-apples […]
- proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem […]
- I keep on at, assail.
Conjugation
- The fourth principal part may be tūnsum or tūsum.
Conjugation of tundō (third conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | tundō | tundis | tundit | tundimus | tunditis | tundunt |
imperfect | tundēbam | tundēbās | tundēbat | tundēbāmus | tundēbātis | tundēbant | |
future | tundam | tundēs | tundet | tundēmus | tundētis | tundent | |
perfect | tutudī | tutudistī | tutudit | tutudimus | tutudistis | tutudērunt, tutudēre | |
pluperfect | tutuderam | tutuderās | tutuderat | tutuderāmus | tutuderātis | tutuderant | |
future perfect | tutuderō | tutuderis | tutuderit | tutuderimus | tutuderitis | tutuderint | |
passive | present | tundor | tunderis, tundere | tunditur | tundimur | tundiminī | tunduntur |
imperfect | tundēbar | tundēbāris, tundēbāre | tundēbātur | tundēbāmur | tundēbāminī | tundēbantur | |
future | tundar | tundēris, tundēre | tundētur | tundēmur | tundēminī | tundentur | |
perfect | tūnsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | tūnsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | tūnsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | tundam | tundās | tundat | tundāmus | tundātis | tundant |
imperfect | tunderem | tunderēs | tunderet | tunderēmus | tunderētis | tunderent | |
perfect | tutuderim | tutuderīs | tutuderit | tutuderīmus | tutuderītis | tutuderint | |
pluperfect | tutudissem | tutudissēs | tutudisset | tutudissēmus | tutudissētis | tutudissent | |
passive | present | tundar | tundāris, tundāre | tundātur | tundāmur | tundāminī | tundantur |
imperfect | tunderer | tunderēris, tunderēre | tunderētur | tunderēmur | tunderēminī | tunderentur | |
perfect | tūnsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | tūnsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | tunde | — | — | tundite | — |
future | — | tunditō | tunditō | — | tunditōte | tunduntō | |
passive | present | — | tundere | — | — | tundiminī | — |
future | — | tunditor | tunditor | — | — | tunduntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | tundere | tutudisse | tūnsūrum esse | tundī | tūnsum esse | tūnsum īrī | |
participles | tundēns | — | tūnsūrus | — | tūnsus | tundendus, tundundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
tundendī | tundendō | tundendum | tundendō | tūnsum | tūnsū |
Derived terms
- contundō
- dētundō
- extundō
- obtundō
- pertundō
- retundō
Descendants
- Spanish: tundir
- ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tusāre
- Portuguese: tosar
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Further reading
- “tundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “tundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- tundo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- obtuse in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
Spanish
Verb
tundo
- first-person singular present indicative of tundir