tumultus
English
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Latin tumultus; doublet of tumult.
Noun
tumultus
- (obsolete) A commotion.
Latin
Etymology
Akin to tumulus. Cognates include Sanskrit तुमुल (tumula).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /tuˈmul.tus/, [t̪ʊˈmʊɫ̪t̪ʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /tuˈmul.tus/, [t̪uˈmul̪t̪us]
Noun
tumultus m (genitive tumultūs); fourth declension
- An uproar; bustle, violent commotion, disturbance, tumult; turmoil, panic.
- A storm, tempest, thunderclap.
- A sudden outbreak of violence or an impending war; civil war; insurrection, riot, rebellion, sedition, tumult.
- (of the mind or feelings) Disturbance, disquietude, agitation; excitement, anxiety; fear, panic.
- (of speech) Confusion, muddle, disorder.
Declension
- Note that tumultī is an alternative form for the genitive singular tumultūs.
Fourth-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tumultus | tumultūs |
| Genitive | tumultūs | tumultuum |
| Dative | tumultuī | tumultibus |
| Accusative | tumultum | tumultūs |
| Ablative | tumultū | tumultibus |
| Vocative | tumultus | tumultūs |
Synonyms
- (agitation, disquietude): commōtiō, cōnsternātiō
- (disturbance, tumult): concursus, inquiētūdō, cōnsternātiō, hiems, mōtus, procella, tempestās, turba, perculsus, fragor
- (insurrection, rebellion): īnsurrectiō, mōtus, rebellātiō, rebelliō, sēditiō
- (storm, tempest): hiems, procella, tempestās
Antonyms
- (agitation, disquietude): ōtium, pāx, quiēs
- (disturbance, tumult): ōtium, pāx, quiēs
- (storm, tempest): tranquillum
Derived terms
- tumultuārius
- tumultuātim
- tumultuor
- tumultuōsus
Related terms
- tumultuāriē
- tumultuātiō
- tumultuō
- tumultuōsē
Descendants
- → Catalan: tumult
- → English: tumult, tumultus
- → French: tumulte
- → German: Tumult
- → Italian: tumulto
- → Polish: tumult
- → Portuguese: tumulto
- → Spanish: tumulto
References
- “tumultus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “tumultus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- tumultus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to quell an outbreak: tumultum sedare (B. C. 3. 18. 3)
- to quell an outbreak: tumultum sedare (B. C. 3. 18. 3)
- “tumultus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin