tshala

See also: tshála

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-bɪ́ada.

Verb

-tshála

to plant, to sow

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukutshala
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukutshala	ukungatshali
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	tshala	-tshale
Plural	tshalani	-tshaleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyatshala, ngitshala	engitshalayo, engitshala	ngitshala	angitshali	engingatshali	ngingatshali
2nd singular	uyatshala, utshala	otshalayo, otshala	utshala	awutshali	ongatshali	ungatshali
1st plural	siyatshala, sitshala	esitshalayo, esitshala	sitshala	asitshali	esingatshali	singatshali
2nd plural	niyatshala, nitshala	enitshalayo, enitshala	nitshala	anitshali	eningatshali	ningatshali
Class 1	uyatshala, utshala	otshalayo, otshala	etshala	akatshali	ongatshali	engatshali
Class 2	bayatshala, batshala	abatshalayo, abatshala	betshala	abatshali	abangatshali	bengatshali
Class 3	uyatshala, utshala	otshalayo, otshala	utshala	awutshali	ongatshali	ungatshali
Class 4	iyatshala, itshala	etshalayo, etshala	itshala	ayitshali	engatshali	ingatshali
Class 5	liyatshala, litshala	elitshalayo, elitshala	litshala	alitshali	elingatshali	lingatshali
Class 6	ayatshala, atshala	atshalayo, atshala	etshala	awatshali	angatshali	engatshali
Class 7	siyatshala, sitshala	esitshalayo, esitshala	sitshala	asitshali	esingatshali	singatshali
Class 8	ziyatshala, zitshala	ezitshalayo, ezitshala	zitshala	azitshali	ezingatshali	zingatshali
Class 9	iyatshala, itshala	etshalayo, etshala	itshala	ayitshali	engatshali	ingatshali
Class 10	ziyatshala, zitshala	ezitshalayo, ezitshala	zitshala	azitshali	ezingatshali	zingatshali
Class 11	luyatshala, lutshala	olutshalayo, olutshala	lutshala	alutshali	olungatshali	lungatshali
Class 14	buyatshala, butshala	obutshalayo, obutshala	butshala	abutshali	obungatshali	bungatshali
Class 15	kuyatshala, kutshala	okutshalayo, okutshala	kutshala	akutshali	okungatshali	kungatshali
Class 17	kuyatshala, kutshala	okutshalayo, okutshala	kutshala	akutshali	okungatshali	kungatshali
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngitshalile, ngitshalē	engitshalile, engitshalē	ngitshalile, ngitshalē	angitshalanga	engingatshalanga	ngingatshalanga
2nd singular	utshalile, utshalē	otshalile, otshalē	utshalile, utshalē	awutshalanga	ongatshalanga	ungatshalanga
1st plural	sitshalile, sitshalē	esitshalile, esitshalē	sitshalile, sitshalē	asitshalanga	esingatshalanga	singatshalanga
2nd plural	nitshalile, nitshalē	enitshalile, enitshalē	nitshalile, nitshalē	anitshalanga	eningatshalanga	ningatshalanga
Class 1	utshalile, utshalē	otshalile, otshalē	etshalile, etshalē	akatshalanga	ongatshalanga	engatshalanga
Class 2	batshalile, batshalē	abatshalile, abatshalē	betshalile, betshalē	abatshalanga	abangatshalanga	bengatshalanga
Class 3	utshalile, utshalē	otshalile, otshalē	utshalile, utshalē	awutshalanga	ongatshalanga	ungatshalanga
Class 4	itshalile, itshalē	etshalile, etshalē	itshalile, itshalē	ayitshalanga	engatshalanga	ingatshalanga
Class 5	litshalile, litshalē	elitshalile, elitshalē	litshalile, litshalē	alitshalanga	elingatshalanga	lingatshalanga
Class 6	atshalile, atshalē	atshalile, atshalē	etshalile, etshalē	awatshalanga	angatshalanga	engatshalanga
Class 7	sitshalile, sitshalē	esitshalile, esitshalē	sitshalile, sitshalē	asitshalanga	esingatshalanga	singatshalanga
Class 8	zitshalile, zitshalē	ezitshalile, ezitshalē	zitshalile, zitshalē	azitshalanga	ezingatshalanga	zingatshalanga
Class 9	itshalile, itshalē	etshalile, etshalē	itshalile, itshalē	ayitshalanga	engatshalanga	ingatshalanga
Class 10	zitshalile, zitshalē	ezitshalile, ezitshalē	zitshalile, zitshalē	azitshalanga	ezingatshalanga	zingatshalanga
Class 11	lutshalile, lutshalē	olutshalile, olutshalē	lutshalile, lutshalē	alutshalanga	olungatshalanga	lungatshalanga
Class 14	butshalile, butshalē	obutshalile, obutshalē	butshalile, butshalē	abutshalanga	obungatshalanga	bungatshalanga
Class 15	kutshalile, kutshalē	okutshalile, okutshalē	kutshalile, kutshalē	akutshalanga	okungatshalanga	kungatshalanga
Class 17	kutshalile, kutshalē	okutshalile, okutshalē	kutshalile, kutshalē	akutshalanga	okungatshalanga	kungatshalanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngātshala	engātshala	ngātshala	angitshalanga	engingatshalanga	ngingatshalanga
2nd singular	wātshala	owātshala	wātshala	awutshalanga	ongatshalanga	ungatshalanga
1st plural	sātshala	esātshala	sātshala	asitshalanga	esingatshalanga	singatshalanga
2nd plural	nātshala	enātshala	nātshala	anitshalanga	eningatshalanga	ningatshalanga
Class 1	wātshala	owātshala	ātshala	akatshalanga	ongatshalanga	engatshalanga
Class 2	bātshala	abātshala	bātshala	abatshalanga	abangatshalanga	bengatshalanga
Class 3	wātshala	owātshala	wātshala	awutshalanga	ongatshalanga	ungatshalanga
Class 4	yātshala	eyātshala	yātshala	ayitshalanga	engatshalanga	ingatshalanga
Class 5	lātshala	elātshala	lātshala	alitshalanga	elingatshalanga	lingatshalanga
Class 6	ātshala	ātshala	ātshala	awatshalanga	angatshalanga	engatshalanga
Class 7	sātshala	esātshala	sātshala	asitshalanga	esingatshalanga	singatshalanga
Class 8	zātshala	ezātshala	zātshala	azitshalanga	ezingatshalanga	zingatshalanga
Class 9	yātshala	eyātshala	yātshala	ayitshalanga	engatshalanga	ingatshalanga
Class 10	zātshala	ezātshala	zātshala	azitshalanga	ezingatshalanga	zingatshalanga
Class 11	lwātshala	olwātshala	lwātshala	alutshalanga	olungatshalanga	lungatshalanga
Class 14	bātshala	obātshala	bātshala	abutshalanga	obungatshalanga	bungatshalanga
Class 15	kwātshala	okwātshala	kwātshala	akutshalanga	okungatshalanga	kungatshalanga
Class 17	kwātshala	okwātshala	kwātshala	akutshalanga	okungatshalanga	kungatshalanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingatshala	—	ngingatshala	ngingetshale	—	ngingetshale
2nd singular	ungatshala	—	ungatshala	ungetshale	—	ungetshale
1st plural	singatshala	—	singatshala	singetshale	—	singetshale
2nd plural	ningatshala	—	ningatshala	ningetshale	—	ningetshale
Class 1	angatshala	—	engatshala	angetshale	—	engetshale
Class 2	bangatshala	—	bengatshala	bangetshale	—	bengetshale
Class 3	ungatshala	—	ungatshala	ungetshale	—	ungetshale
Class 4	ingatshala	—	ingatshala	ingetshale	—	ingetshale
Class 5	lingatshala	—	lingatshala	lingetshale	—	lingetshale
Class 6	angatshala	—	engatshala	angetshale	—	engetshale
Class 7	singatshala	—	singatshala	singetshale	—	singetshale
Class 8	zingatshala	—	zingatshala	zingetshale	—	zingetshale
Class 9	ingatshala	—	ingatshala	ingetshale	—	ingetshale
Class 10	zingatshala	—	zingatshala	zingetshale	—	zingetshale
Class 11	lungatshala	—	lungatshala	lungetshale	—	lungetshale
Class 14	bungatshala	—	bungatshala	bungetshale	—	bungetshale
Class 15	kungatshala	—	kungatshala	kungetshale	—	kungetshale
Class 17	kungatshala	—	kungatshala	kungetshale	—	kungetshale
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizotshala	engizotshala	ngizotshala	angizutshala	—	ngingezutshala
2nd singular	uzotshala	ozotshala	uzotshala	awuzutshala	—	ungezutshala
1st plural	sizotshala	esizotshala	sizotshala	asizutshala	—	singezutshala
2nd plural	nizotshala	enizotshala	nizotshala	anizutshala	—	ningezutshala
Class 1	uzotshala	ozotshala	ezotshala	akazutshala	—	engezutshala
Class 2	bazotshala	abazotshala	bezotshala	abazutshala	—	bengezutshala
Class 3	uzotshala	ozotshala	uzotshala	awuzutshala	—	ungezutshala
Class 4	izotshala	ezotshala	izotshala	ayizutshala	—	ingezutshala
Class 5	lizotshala	elizotshala	lizotshala	alizutshala	—	lingezutshala
Class 6	azotshala	azotshala	ezotshala	awazutshala	—	engezutshala
Class 7	sizotshala	esizotshala	sizotshala	asizutshala	—	singezutshala
Class 8	zizotshala	ezizotshala	zizotshala	azizutshala	—	zingezutshala
Class 9	izotshala	ezotshala	izotshala	ayizutshala	—	ingezutshala
Class 10	zizotshala	ezizotshala	zizotshala	azizutshala	—	zingezutshala
Class 11	luzotshala	oluzotshala	luzotshala	aluzutshala	—	lungezutshala
Class 14	buzotshala	obuzotshala	buzotshala	abuzutshala	—	bungezutshala
Class 15	kuzotshala	okuzotshala	kuzotshala	akuzutshala	—	kungezutshala
Class 17	kuzotshala	okuzotshala	kuzotshala	akuzutshala	—	kungezutshala
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyotshala	engiyotshala	ngiyotshala	angiyutshala	—	ngingeyutshala
2nd singular	uyotshala	oyotshala	uyotshala	awuyutshala	—	ungeyutshala
1st plural	siyotshala	esiyotshala	siyotshala	asiyutshala	—	singeyutshala
2nd plural	niyotshala	eniyotshala	niyotshala	aniyutshala	—	ningeyutshala
Class 1	uyotshala	oyotshala	eyotshala	akayutshala	—	engeyutshala
Class 2	bayotshala	abayotshala	beyotshala	abayutshala	—	bengeyutshala
Class 3	uyotshala	oyotshala	uyotshala	awuyutshala	—	ungeyutshala
Class 4	iyotshala	eyotshala	iyotshala	ayiyutshala	—	ingeyutshala
Class 5	liyotshala	eliyotshala	liyotshala	aliyutshala	—	lingeyutshala
Class 6	ayotshala	ayotshala	eyotshala	awayutshala	—	engeyutshala
Class 7	siyotshala	esiyotshala	siyotshala	asiyutshala	—	singeyutshala
Class 8	ziyotshala	eziyotshala	ziyotshala	aziyutshala	—	zingeyutshala
Class 9	iyotshala	eyotshala	iyotshala	ayiyutshala	—	ingeyutshala
Class 10	ziyotshala	eziyotshala	ziyotshala	aziyutshala	—	zingeyutshala
Class 11	luyotshala	oluyotshala	luyotshala	aluyutshala	—	lungeyutshala
Class 14	buyotshala	obuyotshala	buyotshala	abuyutshala	—	bungeyutshala
Class 15	kuyotshala	okuyotshala	kuyotshala	akuyutshala	—	kungeyutshala
Class 17	kuyotshala	okuyotshala	kuyotshala	akuyutshala	—	kungeyutshala
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngitshale	ngingatshali
2nd singular	utshale	ungatshali
1st plural	sitshale	singatshali
2nd plural	nitshale	ningatshali
Class 1	atshale	angatshali
Class 2	batshale	bangatshali
Class 3	utshale	ungatshali
Class 4	itshale	ingatshali
Class 5	litshale	lingatshali
Class 6	atshale	angatshali
Class 7	sitshale	singatshali
Class 8	zitshale	zingatshali
Class 9	itshale	ingatshali
Class 10	zitshale	zingatshali
Class 11	lutshale	lungatshali
Class 14	butshale	bungatshali
Class 15	kutshale	kungatshali
Class 17	kutshale	kungatshali
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngatshala	ngangatshala, angatshala, angangatshala
2nd singular	watshala	wangatshala, awatshala, awangatshala
1st plural	satshala	sangatshala, asatshala, asangatshala
2nd plural	natshala	nangatshala, anatshala, anangatshala
Class 1	watshala	wangatshala, akatshala, akangatshala
Class 2	batshala	bangatshala, abatshala, abangatshala
Class 3	watshala	wangatshala, awatshala, awangatshala
Class 4	yatshala	yangatshala, ayatshala, ayangatshala
Class 5	latshala	langatshala, alatshala, alangatshala
Class 6	atshala	angatshala, awatshala, awangatshala
Class 7	satshala	sangatshala, asatshala, asangatshala
Class 8	zatshala	zangatshala, azatshala, azangatshala
Class 9	yatshala	yangatshala, ayatshala, ayangatshala
Class 10	zatshala	zangatshala, azatshala, azangatshala
Class 11	lwatshala	lwangatshala, alwatshala, alwangatshala
Class 14	batshala	bangatshala, abatshala, abangatshala
Class 15	kwatshala	kwangatshala, akwatshala, akwangatshala
Class 17	kwatshala	kwangatshala, akwatshala, akwangatshala

Derived terms

isitshalo

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “tshala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “tshala (3.9)”