auksts
Latvian
Etymology
Alteration of austs ‘cooled’, past participle of dialectal aũsīt, aũsēt ‘to cool off, down’, ausināt (“to cool off hot food, with a spoon”) (compare Lithuanian áušti (“to cool down”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewǵ- (compare Latin autumnus, Old Irish úacht, Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc)). The -k- may be due to contamination with obsolete aukt (“to be cool, cold”), sporadically attested in 18th-century sources.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [āūksts]
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Adjective
auksts (definite aukstais, comparative aukstāks, superlative visaukstākais, adverb auksti)
- cold (an object or substance that has a relatively low temperature)
- auksts roka ― cold hands
- auksts ūdens ― cold water
- auksta tēja ― cold tea
- ēdiens ir jau auksts ― the food is already cold
- auksts kā ledus ― cold as ice
- aukstais karš ― the cold war
- cold (weather, air temperature during a certain period of time)
- auksts rudens, pavasaris ― a cold autumn/fall, spring
- auksts rīts ― a cold morning
- kļūst auksts ― it is getting cold
- šodien ir ļoti auksts ― today it is very cold
- associated with the feeling or sensation of cold
- gājējam kļūst auksti ― the passer-by/pedestrian got cold
- auksti drebuļi ― cold shivers, chills
- aukstas trīsas ― a cold thrill
- man auksts pārskrēja pār visu muguru ― a cold (chill) ran through my spine, back
- food which is to be eaten cold
- aukstie ēdieni, uzkodas ― cold food, appetizers
- aukstais galds ― cold table (= table with cold food)
- (figuratively) cold (one who does not care about the feelings of others; insensitive, rude)
- auksts prāta cilvēks ― a cold-minded person
- (figuratively) cold (of a gesture or behavior typical of an insensitive or rude person)
- auksts skatiens, smaids ― a cold look, smile
- auksta uzņemšana ― a cold reception
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of auksts
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | auksts | auksti | auksta | aukstas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | aukstu | aukstus | aukstu | aukstas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | auksta | aukstu | aukstas | aukstu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | aukstam | aukstiem | aukstai | aukstām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | aukstu | aukstiem | aukstu | aukstām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | aukstā | aukstos | aukstā | aukstās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Synonyms
- salts
- vēss, dzestrs, svaigs, spirgts
Antonyms
- karsts
- silts
Derived terms
- aukstums
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “auksts”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN