trucar
Catalan
Etymology
Onomatopoeic
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /tɾuˈka/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /tɾuˈkaɾ/
- Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
- Homophone: trocar
Verb
trucar (first-person singular present truco, past participle trucat)
- to hit
- Synonym: tustar
- to knock, to ring (at the door)
- to call, to ring on the telephone
Conjugation
Conjugation of trucar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | trucar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | trucant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | trucat | trucada | |||||
| plural | trucats | trucades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | truco | truques | truca | truquem | truqueu | truquen | |
| imperfect | trucava | trucaves | trucava | trucàvem | trucàveu | trucaven | |
| future | trucaré | trucaràs | trucarà | trucarem | trucareu | trucaran | |
| preterite | truquí | trucares | trucà | trucàrem | trucàreu | trucaren | |
| conditional | trucaria | trucaries | trucaria | trucaríem | trucaríeu | trucarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | truqui | truquis | truqui | truquem | truqueu | truquin | |
| imperfect | truqués | truquessis | truqués | truquéssim | truquéssiu | truquessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | truca | truqui | truquem | truqueu | truquin | ||
Derived terms
- truc
- truca
- trucada
Further reading
- “trucar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “trucar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
Galician
Etymology
Perhaps from Old Occitan trucar, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þrukkijaną (“to press on”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɾuˈkaɾ/
Verb
trucar (first-person singular present truco, first-person singular preterite truquei, past participle trucado)
- to bang head with head (for example, the rams during a fight)
- to knock
- to charge
- (figurative) to argue
Conjugation
- Note: truc- are changed to truqu- before front vowels (e).
Conjugation of trucar
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | trucar | |||||
| personal | trucar | trucares | trucar | trucarmos | trucardes | trucaren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| trucando | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | trucado | trucados | ||||
| feminine | trucada | trucadas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | truco | trucas | truca | trucamos | trucades | trucan |
| imperfect | trucaba | trucabas | trucaba | trucabamos | trucabades | trucaban |
| preterite | truquei | trucaches | trucou | trucamos | trucastes | trucaron |
| pluperfect | trucara | trucaras | trucara | trucaramos | trucarades | trucaran |
| future | trucarei | trucarás | trucará | trucaremos | trucaredes | trucarán |
| conditional | trucaría | trucarías | trucaría | trucariamos | trucariades | trucarían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | truque | truques | truque | truquemos | truquedes | truquen |
| preterite | trucase | trucases | trucase | trucásemos | trucásedes | trucasen |
| future | trucar | trucares | trucar | trucarmos | trucardes | trucaren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | truca | truque | truquemos | trucade | truquen |
| negative | – | truques | truque | truquemos | truquedes | truquen |
Synonyms
- turrar
Derived terms
- retrucar
- trucada
Related terms
- truque
References
- “trucar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “trucar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “trucar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “trocar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Occitan
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
trucar
- to hit; to strike
Conjugation
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | trucar | aver trucat | |||||
| gerund | trucant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | trucat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | truqui | trucas | truca | trucam | trucatz | trucan | |
| imperfect | trucavi | trucavas | trucava | trucàvem | trucàvetz | trucavan | |
| preterite | truquèri | truquères | truquèt | truquèrem | truquèretz | truquèron | |
| future | trucarai | trucaràs | trucarà | trucarem | trucaretz | trucaràn | |
| conditional | trucariái | trucariás | trucariá | trucariam | trucariatz | trucarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | truquèra | truquèras | truquèra | truqueram | truqueratz | truquèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | truque | truques | truque | truquem | truquetz | truquen | |
| imperfect | truquèssi | truquèsses | truquèsse | truquèssem | truquèssetz | truquèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| truca | truquem | trucatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Auvernhàs| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | trucar | aver trucat | |||||
| gerund | trucant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | trucat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | truque | truques | truca | trucam | trucatz | trucon | |
| imperfect | trucave | trucaves | trucava | trucaviam | trucaviatz | trucavon | |
| preterite | truquere | truqueres | truquet | truquem | truquetz | truqueron | |
| future | trucarai | trucaràs | trucará | trucarem | trucaretz | trucarán | |
| conditional | trucariá | trucariás | trucariá | trucariam | trucariatz | trucarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | truquèra | truquèras | truquèra | truqueram | truqueratz | truquèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | truque | truques | truque | trucassiam | trucassiatz | trucon | |
| imperfect | truquesse | truquesses | truquesse | truquessiam | truquessiatz | truquesson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| truca | trucassiam | trucatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Gascon| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | trucar | aver trucat | |||||
| gerund | trucant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | trucat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | truqui | trucas | truca | trucam | trucatz | trucan | |
| imperfect | trucavi | trucavas | trucava | trucàvam | trucàvatz | trucavan | |
| preterite | truquèi | truquès | truquè | truquèm | truquètz | truquèn | |
| future | trucarèi | trucaràs | trucarà | trucaram | trucaratz | trucaràn | |
| conditional | trucarí | trucarés | trucaré | trucarem | trucaretz | trucarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | truquèra | truquèras | truquèra | truqueram | truqueratz | truquèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | truqui | truques | truque | truquem | truquetz | truquen | |
| imperfect | truquèssi | truquèsses | truquèsse | truquèssem | truquèssetz | truquèssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| truca | truquem | trucatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Lemosin| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | trucar | aver trucat | |||||
| gerund | trucant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | trucat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | truque | trucas | truca | trucam | trucatz | trucan | |
| imperfect | trucava | trucavas | trucava | trucàvam | trucàvatz | trucavan | |
| preterite | truquei | truqueras | truquet | truquèram | truquèratz | truqueran | |
| future | trucarai | trucaràs | trucará | trucarem | trucaretz | trucarán | |
| conditional | trucariá | trucariàs | trucariá | trucariam | trucariatz | trucarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | truquèra | truquèras | truquèra | truqueram | truqueratz | truquèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | truque | truques | truque | truquem | truquetz | truquen | |
| imperfect | truquèsse | truquèsses | truquèsse | truquèssem | truquèssetz | truquèssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| truca | truquem | trucatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Provençau| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | trucar | aver trucat | |||||
| gerund | trucant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | trucat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | truque | truques | truca | trucam | trucatz | trucan | |
| imperfect | trucavi | trucavas | trucava | trucàvem | trucàvetz | trucavan | |
| preterite | truquère | truquères | truquèt | truqueriam | truqueriatz | truquèron | |
| future | trucarai | trucaràs | trucarà | trucarem | trucaretz | trucaràn | |
| conditional | trucariáu | trucariás | trucariá | trucariam | trucariatz | trucarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | truquèra | truquèras | truquèra | truqueram | truqueratz | truquèran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | truque | truques | truque | truquem | truquetz | trucan | |
| imperfect | truquèsse | truquèsses | truquèsse | truquessiam | truquessiatz | truquèsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| truca | truquem | trucatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Synonyms
- tustar
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /tɾuˈka(ʁ)/ [tɾuˈka(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /tɾuˈka(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /tɾuˈka(ʁ)/ [tɾuˈka(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /tɾuˈka(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /tɾuˈkaɾ/
Etymology 1
From truque + -ar.
Verb
trucar (first-person singular present truco, first-person singular preterite truquei, past participle trucado)
- (intransitive, card games) to make the first bid (in the game of truque)
Conjugation
Conjugation of trucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | trucar | |||||
| Personal | trucar | trucares | trucar | trucarmos | trucardes | trucarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| trucando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | trucado | trucados | ||||
| Feminine | trucada | trucadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | truco | trucas | truca | trucamos | trucais | trucam |
| Imperfect | trucava | trucavas | trucava | trucávamos | trucáveis | trucavam |
| Preterite | truquei | trucaste | trucou | trucamos1, trucámos2 | trucastes | trucaram |
| Pluperfect | trucara | trucaras | trucara | trucáramos | trucáreis | trucaram |
| Future | trucarei | trucarás | trucará | trucaremos | trucareis | trucarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| trucaria | trucarias | trucaria | trucaríamos | trucaríeis | trucariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | truque | truques | truque | truquemos | truqueis | truquem |
| Imperfect | trucasse | trucasses | trucasse | trucássemos | trucásseis | trucassem |
| Future | trucar | trucares | trucar | trucarmos | trucardes | trucarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | truca | truque | truquemos | trucai | truquem | |
| Negative (não) | não truques | não truque | não truquemos | não truqueis | não truquem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Related terms
- truque
References
- “trucar” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
- “trucar” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
Etymology 2
From truca + -ar.
Verb
trucar (first-person singular present truco, first-person singular preterite truquei, past participle trucado)
- (intransitive, film) to do trick photography
Conjugation
Conjugation of trucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | trucar | |||||
| Personal | trucar | trucares | trucar | trucarmos | trucardes | trucarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| trucando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | trucado | trucados | ||||
| Feminine | trucada | trucadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | truco | trucas | truca | trucamos | trucais | trucam |
| Imperfect | trucava | trucavas | trucava | trucávamos | trucáveis | trucavam |
| Preterite | truquei | trucaste | trucou | trucamos1, trucámos2 | trucastes | trucaram |
| Pluperfect | trucara | trucaras | trucara | trucáramos | trucáreis | trucaram |
| Future | trucarei | trucarás | trucará | trucaremos | trucareis | trucarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| trucaria | trucarias | trucaria | trucaríamos | trucaríeis | trucariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | truque | truques | truque | truquemos | truqueis | truquem |
| Imperfect | trucasse | trucasses | trucasse | trucássemos | trucásseis | trucassem |
| Future | trucar | trucares | trucar | trucarmos | trucardes | trucarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | truca | truque | truquemos | trucai | truquem | |
| Negative (não) | não truques | não truque | não truquemos | não truqueis | não truquem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
References
- “trucar” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish
Alternative forms
- truquear (Ecuador, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico)
Etymology
From truco + -ar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɾuˈkaɾ/ [t̪ɾuˈkaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: tru‧car
Verb
trucar (first-person singular present truco, first-person singular preterite truqué, past participle trucado)
- to tune up, soup up (modify a motor vehicle)
- to rig
Conjugation
Conjugation of trucar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | trucar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | trucando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | trucado | trucada | |||||
| plural | trucados | trucadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | truco | trucastú trucásvos | truca | trucamos | trucáis | trucan | |
| imperfect | trucaba | trucabas | trucaba | trucábamos | trucabais | trucaban | |
| preterite | truqué | trucaste | trucó | trucamos | trucasteis | trucaron | |
| future | trucaré | trucarás | trucará | trucaremos | trucaréis | trucarán | |
| conditional | trucaría | trucarías | trucaría | trucaríamos | trucaríais | trucarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | truque | truquestú truquésvos2 | truque | truquemos | truquéis | truquen | |
| imperfect (ra) | trucara | trucaras | trucara | trucáramos | trucarais | trucaran | |
| imperfect (se) | trucase | trucases | trucase | trucásemos | trucaseis | trucasen | |
| future1 | trucare | trucares | trucare | trucáremos | trucareis | trucaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | trucatú trucávos | truque | truquemos | trucad | truquen | ||
| negative | no truques | no truque | no truquemos | no truquéis | no truquen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of trucar (c-qu alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive trucar | |||||||
| dative | trucarme | trucarte | trucarle, trucarse | trucarnos | trucaros | trucarles, trucarse | |
| accusative | trucarme | trucarte | trucarlo, trucarla, trucarse | trucarnos | trucaros | trucarlos, trucarlas, trucarse | |
| with gerund trucando | |||||||
| dative | trucándome | trucándote | trucándole, trucándose | trucándonos | trucándoos | trucándoles, trucándose | |
| accusative | trucándome | trucándote | trucándolo, trucándola, trucándose | trucándonos | trucándoos | trucándolos, trucándolas, trucándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative truca | |||||||
| dative | trúcame | trúcate | trúcale | trúcanos | not used | trúcales | |
| accusative | trúcame | trúcate | trúcalo, trúcala | trúcanos | not used | trúcalos, trúcalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative trucá | |||||||
| dative | trucame | trucate | trucale | trucanos | not used | trucales | |
| accusative | trucame | trucate | trucalo, trucala | trucanos | not used | trucalos, trucalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative truque | |||||||
| dative | trúqueme | not used | trúquele, trúquese | trúquenos | not used | trúqueles | |
| accusative | trúqueme | not used | trúquelo, trúquela, trúquese | trúquenos | not used | trúquelos, trúquelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative truquemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | truquémoste | truquémosle | truquémonos | truquémoos | truquémosles | |
| accusative | not used | truquémoste | truquémoslo, truquémosla | truquémonos | truquémoos | truquémoslos, truquémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative trucad | |||||||
| dative | trucadme | not used | trucadle | trucadnos | trucaos | trucadles | |
| accusative | trucadme | not used | trucadlo, trucadla | trucadnos | trucaos | trucadlos, trucadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative truquen | |||||||
| dative | trúquenme | not used | trúquenle | trúquennos | not used | trúquenles, trúquense | |
| accusative | trúquenme | not used | trúquenlo, trúquenla | trúquennos | not used | trúquenlos, trúquenlas, trúquense | |
Derived terms
- trucaje
Further reading
- “trucar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014