tromper
French
Etymology
From Middle French tromper, from Old French tromper (“to tramp, trump, delude”, literally “to play on the trumpet”), from trompe (“trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa (“trump, trumpet”), from a common Germanic word akin to Old High German trumba, trumpa (“trump, trumpet”), ultimately imitative.
More at tramp, tromp, trump.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʁɔ̃.pe/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: trom‧per
Verb
tromper
- (transitive) to deceive, lead astray, mislead
- (transitive) to trick, dupe
- (transitive) to cheat on one's significant other
- (transitive) to distract oneself from
- (reflexive) to make a mistake, be wrong
- New York est la capitale des États-Unis. Ah non, je me trompe, c'est Washington.
- New York is the capital of the United states. Wait, I'm wrong, it's Washington.
- (reflexive) to mix up [+ de (object)]
- On est en retard parce qu'on s'est trompé de route, mais on ne s'est rendu compte qu'après une demie heure.
- We're late because we took the wrong road, and we only realized after half an hour.
Conjugation
Conjugation of tromper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | tromper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | trompant /tʁɔ̃.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | trompé /tʁɔ̃.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | trompe /tʁɔ̃p/ | trompes /tʁɔ̃p/ | trompe /tʁɔ̃p/ | trompons /tʁɔ̃.pɔ̃/ | trompez /tʁɔ̃.pe/ | trompent /tʁɔ̃p/ |
| imperfect | trompais /tʁɔ̃.pɛ/ | trompais /tʁɔ̃.pɛ/ | trompait /tʁɔ̃.pɛ/ | trompions /tʁɔ̃.pjɔ̃/ | trompiez /tʁɔ̃.pje/ | trompaient /tʁɔ̃.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | trompai /tʁɔ̃.pe/ | trompas /tʁɔ̃.pa/ | trompa /tʁɔ̃.pa/ | trompâmes /tʁɔ̃.pam/ | trompâtes /tʁɔ̃.pat/ | trompèrent /tʁɔ̃.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | tromperai /tʁɔ̃.pʁe/ | tromperas /tʁɔ̃.pʁa/ | trompera /tʁɔ̃.pʁa/ | tromperons /tʁɔ̃.pʁɔ̃/ | tromperez /tʁɔ̃.pʁe/ | tromperont /tʁɔ̃.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | tromperais /tʁɔ̃.pʁɛ/ | tromperais /tʁɔ̃.pʁɛ/ | tromperait /tʁɔ̃.pʁɛ/ | tromperions /tʁɔ̃.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ | tromperiez /tʁɔ̃.pə.ʁje/ | tromperaient /tʁɔ̃.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | trompe /tʁɔ̃p/ | trompes /tʁɔ̃p/ | trompe /tʁɔ̃p/ | trompions /tʁɔ̃.pjɔ̃/ | trompiez /tʁɔ̃.pje/ | trompent /tʁɔ̃p/ |
| imperfect2 | trompasse /tʁɔ̃.pas/ | trompasses /tʁɔ̃.pas/ | trompât /tʁɔ̃.pa/ | trompassions /tʁɔ̃.pa.sjɔ̃/ | trompassiez /tʁɔ̃.pa.sje/ | trompassent /tʁɔ̃.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | trompe /tʁɔ̃p/ | — | trompons /tʁɔ̃.pɔ̃/ | trompez /tʁɔ̃.pe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of se tromper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | se tromper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | se trompant /sə tʁɔ̃.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | trompé /tʁɔ̃.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | me trompe /mə tʁɔ̃p/ | te trompes /tə tʁɔ̃p/ | se trompe /sə tʁɔ̃p/ | nous trompons /nu tʁɔ̃.pɔ̃/ | vous trompez /vu tʁɔ̃.pe/ | se trompent /sə tʁɔ̃p/ |
| imperfect | me trompais /mə tʁɔ̃.pɛ/ | te trompais /tə tʁɔ̃.pɛ/ | se trompait /sə tʁɔ̃.pɛ/ | nous trompions /nu tʁɔ̃.pjɔ̃/ | vous trompiez /vu tʁɔ̃.pje/ | se trompaient /sə tʁɔ̃.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | me trompai /mə tʁɔ̃.pe/ | te trompas /tə tʁɔ̃.pa/ | se trompa /sə tʁɔ̃.pa/ | nous trompâmes /nu tʁɔ̃.pam/ | vous trompâtes /vu tʁɔ̃.pat/ | se trompèrent /sə tʁɔ̃.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | me tromperai /mə tʁɔ̃.pʁe/ | te tromperas /tə tʁɔ̃.pʁa/ | se trompera /sə tʁɔ̃.pʁa/ | nous tromperons /nu tʁɔ̃.pʁɔ̃/ | vous tromperez /vu tʁɔ̃.pʁe/ | se tromperont /sə tʁɔ̃.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | me tromperais /mə tʁɔ̃.pʁɛ/ | te tromperais /tə tʁɔ̃.pʁɛ/ | se tromperait /sə tʁɔ̃.pʁɛ/ | nous tromperions /nu tʁɔ̃.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ | vous tromperiez /vu tʁɔ̃.pə.ʁje/ | se tromperaient /sə tʁɔ̃.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | me trompe /mə tʁɔ̃p/ | te trompes /tə tʁɔ̃p/ | se trompe /sə tʁɔ̃p/ | nous trompions /nu tʁɔ̃.pjɔ̃/ | vous trompiez /vu tʁɔ̃.pje/ | se trompent /sə tʁɔ̃p/ |
| imperfect2 | me trompasse /mə tʁɔ̃.pas/ | te trompasses /tə tʁɔ̃.pas/ | se trompât /sə tʁɔ̃.pa/ | nous trompassions /nu tʁɔ̃.pa.sjɔ̃/ | vous trompassiez /vu tʁɔ̃.pa.sje/ | se trompassent /sə tʁɔ̃.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | trompe-toi /tʁɔ̃p.twa/ | — | trompons-nous /tʁɔ̃.pɔ̃.nu/ | trompez-vous /tʁɔ̃.pe.vu/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- trompe-la-mort
- trompe-l'œil
- tromperie
Further reading
- “tromper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle English
Noun
tromper
- Alternative form of trompour
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French tromper (“to tramp, trump, delude”, literally “to play on the trumpet”), from trompe (“trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa (“trump, trumpet”), from a common Germanic word akin to Old High German trumba, trumpa (“trump, trumpet”), ultimately imitative.
Verb
tromper
- to trick; to deceive
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of tromper
| infinitive | simple | tromper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | trompant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | trompé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | trompe | trompes | trompe | trompons | trompez | trompent |
| imperfect | trompois, trompoys | trompois, trompoys | trompoit, trompoyt | trompions, trompyons | trompiez, trompyez | trompoient, trompoyent | |
| past historic | trompa | trompas | trompa | trompasmes | trompastes | tromperent | |
| future | tromperai, tromperay | tromperas | trompera | tromperons | tromperez | tromperont | |
| conditional | tromperois, tromperoys | tromperois, tromperoys | tromperoit, tromperoyt | tromperions, tromperyons | tromperiez, tromperyez | tromperoient, tromperoyent | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | trompe | trompes | trompe | trompons | trompez | trompent |
| imperfect | trompasse | trompasses | trompast | trompassions | trompassiez | trompassent | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | trompe | — | trompons | trompez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Descendants
- French: tromper