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单词 trocar
释义

trocar

See also: troçar

English

Etymology

From French trocart, corruption of trois-quart.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtɹəʊkɑː(ɹ)/[1]

Noun

trocar (plural trocars)

  1. A pointed hollow cylindrical device used to make small incisions and surgically insert cannulas, etc., into body cavities, or to aspirate fluids.
    • 2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 313:
      He wheeled his first patient over to the operating room […] and began pulling out the marrow, plunging a steel trocar repeatedly into the hip and drawing out the cells.

Translations

References

  1. “trocar”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Anagrams

  • carrot

Galician

Etymology

14th century. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese trocar. Further etymology is uncertain.[1] Cognate with French troquer, English truck, Portuguese trocar, Spanish trocar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tɾoˈkaɾ/

Verb

trocar (first-person singular present troco, first-person singular preterite troquei, past participle trocado)

  1. to barter
    • 1381, M. Lucas Álvarez & P. Lucas Domínguez (eds.), El priorato benedictino de San Vicenzo de Pombeiro y su colección diplomática en la Edad Media. Sada: Ediciós do Castro, page 101:
      para vender, dar et donar et anejenar, trocar et canbiar
      for selling, giving and donating and alienating, bartering and exchanging
  2. to exchange, interchange
    Synonym: cambiar

Conjugation

  • Note: troc- are changed to troqu- before front vowels (e).
Conjugation of trocar
singularplural
personfirstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
Infinitiveeutiel/ela/Vde.nósvóseles/elas/Vdes.
impersonaltrocar
personaltrocartrocarestrocartrocarmostrocardestrocaren
Gerund
trocando
Past participlesingularplural
masculinetrocadotrocados
femininetrocadatrocadas
Indicativeeutiel/ela/Vde.nósvóseles/elas/Vdes.
presenttrocotrocastrocatrocamostrocadestrocan
imperfecttrocabatrocabastrocabatrocabamostrocabadestrocaban
preteritetroqueitrocachestrocoutrocamostrocastestrocaron
pluperfecttrocaratrocarastrocaratrocaramostrocaradestrocaran
futuretrocareitrocarástrocarátrocaremostrocaredestrocarán
conditionaltrocaríatrocaríastrocaríatrocariamostrocariadestrocarían
Subjunctiveeutiel/ela/Vde.nósvóseles/elas/Vdes.
presenttroquetroquestroquetroquemostroquedestroquen
preteritetrocasetrocasestrocasetrocásemostrocásedestrocasen
futuretrocartrocarestrocartrocarmostrocardestrocaren
Imperative–tiel/ela/Vde.nósvóseles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative–trocatroquetroquemostrocadetroquen
negative–troquestroquetroquemostroquedestroquen

Derived terms

  • troco
  • troque

References

  • “trocar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “troq” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
  • “trocar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “trocar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “trocar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
  1. Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “trocar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Ladino

Etymology

From Portuguese trocar.

Verb

trocar (Latin spelling)

  1. to change

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Portuguese trocar, from French troquer, from Frankish *trokan. Cognate with Spanish trocar.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /tɾoˈka(ʁ)/ [tɾoˈka(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /tɾoˈka(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /tɾoˈka(ʁ)/ [tɾoˈka(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /tɾoˈka(ɻ)/
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /tɾuˈkaɾ/

  • Hyphenation: tro‧car

Verb

trocar (first-person singular present troco, first-person singular preterite troquei, past participle trocado)

  1. (transitive or ditransitive, with the indirect object taking por) to substitute; to replace (to remove something and put a new one in its place)
    Quero trocar meu carro por um novo.
    I want to replace my car with a new one.
    Precisamos trocar as lâmpadas queimadas.
    We have to replace the burnt-out lightbulbs.
    Synonym: substituir
  2. (transitive with de) to change (to dispose of something one owns or is using and get a new one)
    Troque de roupa.
    Change your clothes.
    Quero trocar de carro.
    I want to change cars.
    Synonym: mudar de
  3. (transitive) to trade with; to exchange (to give [+ com (somebody)] something in exchange for [+ por (something else)])
    Eu e o meu primo trocamos livros.
    My cousin and I traded books.
    O explorador trocou presentes com os nativos.
    The explorer exchanged gifts with the natives.
    Troco um par de sapatos por uma blusa.
    I’ll exchange a pair of shoes for a sweater.
    Synonym: cambiar
  4. (transitive) to swap (to switch the position of two things)
    Trocamos os dois cabos e o motor funcionou.
    We swapped the two cables and the motor started working.
    Synonym: intercambiar
  5. (ditransitive, with the indirect object taking com) to exchange (to give and receive continuously)
    Todo dia eu trocava umas ideias com o vizinho.
    Every day I chatted with the neighbour.
    (literally, “Every day I exchanged some ideas ...”)
    Os boxeadores estão trocando socos na cabeça.
    The boxers are exchanging blows to their heads.
  6. (reflexive) to change (to replace the clothing one is wearing)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of trocar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
SingularPlural
First-person
(eu)		Second-person
(tu)		Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		First-person
(nós)		Second-person
(vós)		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonaltrocar
Personaltrocartrocarestrocartrocarmostrocardestrocarem
Gerund
trocando
Past participle
Masculinetrocadotrocados
Femininetrocadatrocadas
Indicative
Presenttrocotrocastrocatrocamostrocaistrocam
Imperfecttrocavatrocavastrocavatrocávamostrocáveistrocavam
Preteritetroqueitrocastetrocoutrocamos1, trocámos2trocastestrocaram
Pluperfecttrocaratrocarastrocaratrocáramostrocáreistrocaram
Futuretrocareitrocarástrocarátrocaremostrocareistrocarão
Conditional
trocariatrocariastrocariatrocaríamostrocaríeistrocariam
Subjunctive
Presenttroquetroquestroquetroquemostroqueistroquem
Imperfecttrocassetrocassestrocassetrocássemostrocásseistrocassem
Futuretrocartrocarestrocartrocarmostrocardestrocarem
Imperative
Affirmativetrocatroquetroquemostrocaitroquem
Negative (não)não troquesnão troquenão troquemosnão troqueisnão troquem

1Brazil.
2Portugal.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:trocar.

Derived terms

  • troca
  • trocação
  • trocado
  • troco
  • destrocar

Descendants

  • → Hunsrik: trocke
  • Kabuverdianu: troka
  • Ladino: trocar
  • Malay: tukar
    • Indonesian: tukar
  • Papiamentu: troka

Further reading

  • “trocar” in Dicionário Online de Português.

Romanian

Etymology

From French trocart.

Noun

trocar n (plural trocare)

  1. trocar

Declension

Declension of trocar
singularplural
indefinite articulationdefinite articulationindefinite articulationdefinite articulation
nominative/accusative(un) trocartrocarul(niște) trocaretrocarele
genitive/dative(unui) trocartrocarului(unor) trocaretrocarelor
vocativetrocaruletrocarelor

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin trocāre. Cognate to English truck.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tɾoˈkaɾ/ [t̪ɾoˈkaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: tro‧car

Verb

trocar (first-person singular present trueco, first-person singular preterite troqué, past participle trocado)

  1. to barter
  2. (reflexive, followed by "en") to turn into; become (usually for negative changes)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of trocar (o-ue alternation; c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitivetrocar
gerundtrocando
past participlemasculinefeminine
singulartrocadotrocada
pluraltrocadostrocadas
singularplural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
indicativeyotú
vos		él/ella/ello
usted		nosotros
nosotras		vosotros
vosotras		ellos/ellas
ustedes
presenttruecotruecastú
trocásvos		truecatrocamostrocáistruecan
imperfecttrocabatrocabastrocabatrocábamostrocabaistrocaban
preteritetroquétrocastetrocótrocamostrocasteistrocaron
futuretrocarétrocarástrocarátrocaremostrocaréistrocarán
conditionaltrocaríatrocaríastrocaríatrocaríamostrocaríaistrocarían
subjunctiveyotú
vos		él/ella/ello
usted		nosotros
nosotras		vosotros
vosotras		ellos/ellas
ustedes
presenttruequetruequestú
troquésvos2		truequetroquemostroquéistruequen
imperfect
(ra)		trocaratrocarastrocaratrocáramostrocaraistrocaran
imperfect
(se)		trocasetrocasestrocasetrocásemostrocaseistrocasen
future1trocaretrocarestrocaretrocáremostrocareistrocaren
imperative—tú
vos		ustednosotros
nosotras		vosotros
vosotras		ustedes
affirmativetruecatú
trocávos		truequetroquemostrocadtruequen
negativeno truequesno truequeno troquemosno troquéisno truequen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of trocar (o-ue alternation; c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singularplural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
with infinitive trocar
dativetrocarmetrocartetrocarle, trocarsetrocarnostrocarostrocarles, trocarse
accusativetrocarmetrocartetrocarlo, trocarla, trocarsetrocarnostrocarostrocarlos, trocarlas, trocarse
with gerund trocando
dativetrocándometrocándotetrocándole, trocándosetrocándonostrocándoostrocándoles, trocándose
accusativetrocándometrocándotetrocándolo, trocándola, trocándosetrocándonostrocándoostrocándolos, trocándolas, trocándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative trueca
dativetruécametruécatetruécaletruécanosnot usedtruécales
accusativetruécametruécatetruécalo, truécalatruécanosnot usedtruécalos, truécalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative trocá
dativetrocametrocatetrocaletrocanosnot usedtrocales
accusativetrocametrocatetrocalo, trocalatrocanosnot usedtrocalos, trocalas
with formal second-person singular imperative trueque
dativetruéquemenot usedtruéquele, truéquesetruéquenosnot usedtruéqueles
accusativetruéquemenot usedtruéquelo, truéquela, truéquesetruéquenosnot usedtruéquelos, truéquelas
with first-person plural imperative troquemos
dativenot usedtroquémostetroquémosletroquémonostroquémoostroquémosles
accusativenot usedtroquémostetroquémoslo, troquémoslatroquémonostroquémoostroquémoslos, troquémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative trocad
dativetrocadmenot usedtrocadletrocadnostrocaostrocadles
accusativetrocadmenot usedtrocadlo, trocadlatrocadnostrocaostrocadlos, trocadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative truequen
dativetruéquenmenot usedtruéquenletruéquennosnot usedtruéquenles, truéquense
accusativetruéquenmenot usedtruéquenlo, truéquenlatruéquennosnot usedtruéquenlos, truéquenlas, truéquense
  • trueque

Further reading

  • “trocar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
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