trier
See also: Trier
English
Etymology
From Middle English triour,[1] from Anglo-Norman triour and Middle English trien (equivalent to try + -er).[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɹaɪə(ɹ)/
Audio (UK) (file)
- Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)
Noun
trier (plural triers)
- One who tries; one who makes experiments or examines anything by a test or standard.
- 1670, Robert Boyle, Of a Discovery of the Admirable Rarefaction of Air
- ingenious trier
- 1670, Robert Boyle, Of a Discovery of the Admirable Rarefaction of Air
- An instrument used for sampling something.
- 2009, Stephanie Clark, Michael Costello, Floyd Bodyfelt, The Sensory Evaluation of Dairy Products (page 145)
- The judge should grasp the butter trier firmly in hand and insert the sampling device as near as possible to the center of the butter sample.
- 2009, Stephanie Clark, Michael Costello, Floyd Bodyfelt, The Sensory Evaluation of Dairy Products (page 145)
- One who tries judicially.
- (law) A person appointed by law to try challenges of jurors; a trior.[3]
- (obsolete) That which tries or approves; a test.
- c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i]:
- Nay , mother ,
Where is your ancient courage ? you were us'd
To say , extremity was the trier of spirits
-
Derived terms
- trier of fact
- cheese trier
References
- “trier”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- “trīǒur, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- 1859, Alexander Mansfield, Law Dictionary
- trier in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
Anagrams
- Riter, Terri
French
Etymology
From Middle French trier, from Old French trier (“to choose, pick out or separate from others, sift, cull”), of uncertain origin.
- Widely assumed to be derived from Late Latin trītō, trītāre (“to grind”), from Latin trītus, the past participle of terō, terere, with the semantic shift semingly originating from the Latin set phrase Latin granum terere (“to beat the corn from the chaff”), which can also be found in modern French as trier le grain. The semantic shift would be proved by the Italian cognate tritare (“to grind”), which also features “to sort” as an archaic sense. The cognates Occitan triar (“to pick out, choose from among others”) and Catalan triar (“to pick, choose”), who cannot reflect trītāre (which would have yielded *tridar) must then be considered borrowings from French.
- Alternatively, from a Gallo-Romance hypothetical *trīō, trīāre, which would make Occitan triar and Catalan triar inherited cognates instead of borrowings. The archaic sense of Italian tritare whould thus be due to influence of the French word. Ultimately could be an outcome of a metathetic alteration Vulgar Latin *tīro, tīrāre (“to pull”), undergoing a pretty straightforward semantical shift. In this case the word would be doublet of tirer (“to pull”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʁi.je/
audio (file)
Verb
trier
- to sort, to sort out
- Trier le tas de lettres.
- Sort (out) the pile of letters.
- to grade; to calibrate
Conjugation
Conjugation of trier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | trier | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | triant /tʁi.jɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | trié /tʁi.je/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | trie /tʁi/ | tries /tʁi/ | trie /tʁi/ | trions /tʁi.jɔ̃/ | triez /tʁi.je/ | trient /tʁi/ |
imperfect | triais /tʁi.jɛ/ | triais /tʁi.jɛ/ | triait /tʁi.jɛ/ | triions /tʁi.jɔ̃/ | triiez /tʁi.je/ | triaient /tʁi.jɛ/ | |
past historic2 | triai /tʁi.je/ | trias /tʁi.ja/ | tria /tʁi.ja/ | triâmes /tʁi.jam/ | triâtes /tʁi.jat/ | trièrent /tʁi.jɛʁ/ | |
future | trierai /tʁi.ʁe/ | trieras /tʁi.ʁa/ | triera /tʁi.ʁa/ | trierons /tʁi.ʁɔ̃/ | trierez /tʁi.ʁe/ | trieront /tʁi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | trierais /tʁi.ʁɛ/ | trierais /tʁi.ʁɛ/ | trierait /tʁi.ʁɛ/ | trierions /tʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ | trieriez /tʁi.ʁje/ | trieraient /tʁi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | trie /tʁi/ | tries /tʁi/ | trie /tʁi/ | triions /tʁi.jɔ̃/ | triiez /tʁi.je/ | trient /tʁi/ |
imperfect2 | triasse /tʁi.jas/ | triasses /tʁi.jas/ | triât /tʁi.ja/ | triassions /tʁi.ja.sjɔ̃/ | triassiez /tʁi.ja.sje/ | triassent /tʁi.jas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | trie /tʁi/ | — | trions /tʁi.jɔ̃/ | triez /tʁi.je/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- trier sur le volet (“to handpick, to carefully select”)
- triage
Further reading
- “trier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- tirer
Old French
Etymology
Disputed; see English try.
Verb
trier
- to choose; to select
- to sort
- to find
- to verify; to make sure of
- (law) to try (in court)
- to pull
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of trier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | trier | avoir trïé | |||||
gerund | en triant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | triant | ||||||
past participle | trïé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | tri | trïes | trïe | trions | trïez | trïent |
imperfect | trioie, trïeie, trioe, trïeve | trioies, trïeies, trioes, trïeves | trioit, trïeit, triot, trïeve | triiiens, triiens | triiiez, triiez | trioient, trïeient, trioent, trïevent | |
preterite | triai | trias | tria | triames | triastes | trïerent | |
future | trïerai | trïeras | trïera | trïerons | trïeroiz, trïereiz, trïerez | trïeront | |
conditional | trïeroie, trïereie | trïeroies, trïereies | trïeroit, trïereit | trïeriiens, trïeriens | trïeriiez, trïeriez | trïeroient, trïereient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | tri | tris | trit | trions | trïez | trïent |
imperfect | triasse | triasses | triast | triissons, triissiens | triissoiz, triissez, triissiez | triassent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | trïe | — | trions | trïez | — |
Descendants
- → English: try
- French: trier
References
- trier on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (trier)