trembler
English
Etymology
tremble + -er
Noun
trembler (plural tremblers)
- One who, or that which, trembles.
- Any of various New World passerine birds of the family Mimidae.
- The vibrating hammer, or spring contact piece of a hammer break, as of the electric ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
Derived terms
- knee-trembler
French
Etymology
From Middle French trembler, from Old French trambler, trembler, from Late Latin tremulāre, ultimately from Latin tremere (one of the sources of French craindre). Morphological doublet of trémuler.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʁɑ̃.ble/
Audio (file) - Homophones: tremblai, tremblé, tremblez
Verb
trembler
- to tremble, shake
Conjugation
Conjugation of trembler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | trembler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | tremblant /tʁɑ̃.blɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | tremblé /tʁɑ̃.ble/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/ | trembles /tʁɑ̃bl/ | tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/ | tremblons /tʁɑ̃.blɔ̃/ | tremblez /tʁɑ̃.ble/ | tremblent /tʁɑ̃bl/ |
| imperfect | tremblais /tʁɑ̃.blɛ/ | tremblais /tʁɑ̃.blɛ/ | tremblait /tʁɑ̃.blɛ/ | tremblions /tʁɑ̃.bli.jɔ̃/ | trembliez /tʁɑ̃.bli.je/ | tremblaient /tʁɑ̃.blɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | tremblai /tʁɑ̃.ble/ | tremblas /tʁɑ̃.bla/ | trembla /tʁɑ̃.bla/ | tremblâmes /tʁɑ̃.blam/ | tremblâtes /tʁɑ̃.blat/ | tremblèrent /tʁɑ̃.blɛʁ/ | |
| future | tremblerai /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁe/ | trembleras /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁa/ | tremblera /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁa/ | tremblerons /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɔ̃/ | tremblerez /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁe/ | trembleront /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | tremblerais /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/ | tremblerais /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/ | tremblerait /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/ | tremblerions /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁjɔ̃/ | trembleriez /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁje/ | trembleraient /tʁɑ̃.blə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/ | trembles /tʁɑ̃bl/ | tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/ | tremblions /tʁɑ̃.bli.jɔ̃/ | trembliez /tʁɑ̃.bli.je/ | tremblent /tʁɑ̃bl/ |
| imperfect2 | tremblasse /tʁɑ̃.blas/ | tremblasses /tʁɑ̃.blas/ | tremblât /tʁɑ̃.bla/ | tremblassions /tʁɑ̃.bla.sjɔ̃/ | tremblassiez /tʁɑ̃.bla.sje/ | tremblassent /tʁɑ̃.blas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | tremble /tʁɑ̃bl/ | — | tremblons /tʁɑ̃.blɔ̃/ | tremblez /tʁɑ̃.ble/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- trembler comme une feuille
Related terms
- tremblement
- trembleur
Further reading
- “trembler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French trembler, trambler.
Verb
trembler
- to tremble; to quiver; to shake
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of trembler
| infinitive | simple | trembler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | tremblant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | tremblé | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | tremble | trembles | tremble | tremblons | tremblez | tremblent |
| imperfect | tremblois, trembloys | tremblois, trembloys | trembloit, trembloyt | tremblions, tremblyons | trembliez, tremblyez | trembloient, trembloyent | |
| past historic | trembla | tremblas | trembla | tremblasmes | tremblastes | tremblerent | |
| future | tremblerai, trembleray | trembleras | tremblera | tremblerons | tremblerez | trembleront | |
| conditional | tremblerois, trembleroys | tremblerois, trembleroys | trembleroit, trembleroyt | tremblerions, trembleryons | trembleriez, trembleryez | trembleroient, trembleroyent | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | tremble | trembles | tremble | tremblons | tremblez | tremblent |
| imperfect | tremblasse | tremblasses | tremblast | tremblassions | tremblassiez | tremblassent | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | tremble | — | tremblons | tremblez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Descendants
- French: trembler
Old French
Alternative forms
- trenbler, tranbler, trambler
Etymology
From Late Latin tremulāre, ultimately from Latin tremere.
Pronunciation
- (archaic) IPA(key): /tremˈbleːr/
- (classical) IPA(key): /tramˈbleːr/
- (late) IPA(key): /tramˈbler/
Verb
trembler
- to tremble
- circa 1250, Rustebuef, L'Ave Marie Rustebuef:
- Au Jugement,
Quant il fera si aigrement
Tout le monde communement
Trambler come fueille,- On the day of Judgment
When he will bitterly
Make everyone
Tremble like a leaf
- On the day of Judgment
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of trembler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | trembler | avoir tremblé | |||||
| gerund | en tremblant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | tremblant | ||||||
| past participle | tremblé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | tremble | trembles | tremble | tremblons | tremblez | tremblent |
| imperfect | trembloie, trembleie, trembloe, trembleve | trembloies, trembleies, trembloes, trembleves | trembloit, trembleit, tremblot, trembleve | trembliiens, trembliens | trembliiez, trembliez | trembloient, trembleient, trembloent, tremblevent | |
| preterite | tremblai | tremblas | trembla | tremblames | tremblastes | tremblerent | |
| future | tremblerai | trembleras | tremblera | tremblerons | trembleroiz, tremblereiz, tremblerez | trembleront | |
| conditional | trembleroie, tremblereie | trembleroies, tremblereies | trembleroit, tremblereit | trembleriiens, trembleriens | trembleriiez, trembleriez | trembleroient, tremblereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | tremble | trembles | tremble | tremblons | tremblez | tremblent |
| imperfect | tremblasse | tremblasses | tremblast | tremblissons, tremblissiens | tremblissoiz, tremblissez, tremblissiez | tremblassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | tremble | — | tremblons | tremblez | — | ||
Descendants
- Middle French: trembler
- French: trembler
- Norman: tremblier
- → Middle English: tremblen
- English: tremble