trawstrefa
Welsh
Etymology
From traws- + hendrefa (“to live in a winter abode”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /trau̯sˈdrɛva/, [tr̥ʰau̯sˈtrɛva]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /trau̯sˈdreːva/, [tr̥ʰau̯sˈtreːva], /trau̯sˈtrɛva/, [tr̥ʰau̯sˈtrɛva]
Verb
trawstrefa (first-person singular present trawstrefaf)
- to practice transhumance (to move seasonally with livestock to new pastures)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | trawstrefaf | trawstrefi | trawstrefa | trawstrefwn | trawstrefwch | trawstrefant | trawstrefir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | trawstrefwn | trawstrefit | trawstrefai | trawstrefem | trawstrefech | trawstrefent | trawstrefid | |
| preterite | trawstrefais | trawstrefaist | trawstrefodd | trawstrefasom | trawstrefasoch | trawstrefasant | trawstrefwyd | |
| pluperfect | trawstrefaswn | trawstrefasit | trawstrefasai | trawstrefasem | trawstrefasech | trawstrefasent | trawstrefasid, trawstrefesid | |
| present subjunctive | trawstrefwyf | trawstrefych | trawstrefo | trawstrefom | trawstrefoch | trawstrefont | trawstrefer | |
| imperative | — | trawstrefa | trawstrefed | trawstrefwn | trawstrefwch | trawstrefent | trawstrefer | |
| verbal noun | trawstrefa | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | trawstrefedig trawstrefadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | trawstrefa i, trawstrefaf i | trawstrefi di | trawstrefith o/e/hi, trawstrefiff e/hi | trawstrefwn ni | trawstrefwch chi | trawstrefan nhw |
| conditional | trawstrefwn i, trawstrefswn i | trawstrefet ti, trawstrefset ti | trawstrefai fo/fe/hi, trawstrefsai fo/fe/hi | trawstrefen ni, trawstrefsen ni | trawstrefech chi, trawstrefsech chi | trawstrefen nhw, trawstrefsen nhw |
| preterite | trawstrefais i, trawstrefes i | trawstrefaist ti, trawstrefest ti | trawstrefodd o/e/hi | trawstrefon ni | trawstrefoch chi | trawstrefon nhw |
| imperative | — | trawstrefa | — | — | trawstrefwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Related terms
- hafota (“to live in a summer abode”)
- hendrefa (“to live in a winter abode”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| trawstrefa | drawstrefa | nhrawstrefa | thrawstrefa |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950-), “trawstrefa”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies