travestir
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian travestire.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʁa.vɛs.tiʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
travestir
- (transitive) to disguise
- (reflexive) to dress up (especially in clothes of the opposite sex)
- (transitive, derogatory) to travesty (to make a travesty of), distort
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of travestir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | travestir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | travestissant /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | travesti /tʁa.vɛs.ti/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | travestis /tʁa.vɛs.ti/ | travestis /tʁa.vɛs.ti/ | travestit /tʁa.vɛs.ti/ | travestissons /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sɔ̃/ | travestissez /tʁa.vɛs.ti.se/ | travestissent /tʁa.vɛs.tis/ |
| imperfect | travestissais /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sɛ/ | travestissais /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sɛ/ | travestissait /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sɛ/ | travestissions /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sjɔ̃/ | travestissiez /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sje/ | travestissaient /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | travestis /tʁa.vɛs.ti/ | travestis /tʁa.vɛs.ti/ | travestit /tʁa.vɛs.ti/ | travestîmes /tʁa.vɛs.tim/ | travestîtes /tʁa.vɛs.tit/ | travestirent /tʁa.vɛs.tiʁ/ | |
| future | travestirai /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁe/ | travestiras /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁa/ | travestira /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁa/ | travestirons /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁɔ̃/ | travestirez /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁe/ | travestiront /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | travestirais /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁɛ/ | travestirais /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁɛ/ | travestirait /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁɛ/ | travestirions /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁjɔ̃/ | travestiriez /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁje/ | travestiraient /tʁa.vɛs.ti.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | travestisse /tʁa.vɛs.tis/ | travestisses /tʁa.vɛs.tis/ | travestisse /tʁa.vɛs.tis/ | travestissions /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sjɔ̃/ | travestissiez /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sje/ | travestissent /tʁa.vɛs.tis/ |
| imperfect2 | travestisse /tʁa.vɛs.tis/ | travestisses /tʁa.vɛs.tis/ | travestît /tʁa.vɛs.ti/ | travestissions /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sjɔ̃/ | travestissiez /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sje/ | travestissent /tʁa.vɛs.tis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | travestis /tʁa.vɛs.ti/ | — | travestissons /tʁa.vɛs.ti.sɔ̃/ | travestissez /tʁa.vɛs.ti.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “travestir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
Etymology
From French travestir.
Verb
travestir (first-person singular present travisto, first-person singular preterite travestín, past participle travestido)
- to dress up in drag (as members of the opposite sex)
Conjugation
Conjugation of travestir (e-i stem change)
| infinitive | travestir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | travestindo | ||||||
| past participle | singular | plural | |||||
| masculine | travestido | travestidos | |||||
| feminine | travestida | travestidas | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
| present | travisto | travistes | traviste | travestimos | travestides | travisten | |
| imperfect | travestía | travestías | travestía | travestiamos | travestiades | travestían | |
| preterite | travestín | travestiches | travestiu | travestimos | travestistes | travestiron | |
| pluperfect | travestira | travestiras | travestira | travestiramos | travestirades | travestiran | |
| future | travestirei | travestirás | travestirá | travestiremos | travestiredes | travestirán | |
| conditional | travestiría | travestirías | travestiría | travestiriamos | travestiriades | travestirían | |
| subjunctive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
| present | travista | travistas | travista | travistamos | travistades | travistan | |
| preterite | travestise | travestises | travestise | travestísemos | travestísedes | travestisen | |
| future | travestir | travestires | travestir | travestirmos | travestirdes | travestiren | |
| imperative | — | ti | Vde. | nós | vós | Vdes. | |
| affirmative | — | traviste | travista | travistamos | travestide | travistan | |
| negative | — | travistas | travista | travistamos | travistades | travistan | |
| personal infinitive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
| travestir | travestires | travestir | travestirmos | travestirdes | travestiren | ||
Further reading
- “travestir” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
Portuguese
Etymology
From French travestir.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /tɾa.vesˈt͡ʃi(ʁ)/ [tɾa.vesˈt͡ʃi(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /tɾa.vesˈt͡ʃi(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /tɾa.veʃˈt͡ʃi(ʁ)/ [tɾa.veʃˈt͡ʃi(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /tɾa.vesˈt͡ʃi(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /tɾɐ.vɨʃˈtiɾ/
Verb
travestir (first-person singular present travisto, third-person singular present traveste, first-person singular preterite travesti, past participle travestido)
- to dress up in drag (as members of the opposite sex)
- to disguise, masquerade
Conjugation
Conjugation of travestir (i-e alternation in present singular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | travestir | |||||
| Personal | travestir | travestires | travestir | travestirmos | travestirdes | travestirem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| travestindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | travestido | travestidos | ||||
| Feminine | travestida | travestidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | travisto | travestes | traveste | travestimos | travestis | travestem |
| Imperfect | travestia | travestias | travestia | travestíamos | travestíeis | travestiam |
| Preterite | travesti | travestiste | travestiu | travestimos | travestistes | travestiram |
| Pluperfect | travestira | travestiras | travestira | travestíramos | travestíreis | travestiram |
| Future | travestirei | travestirás | travestirá | travestiremos | travestireis | travestirão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| travestiria | travestirias | travestiria | travestiríamos | travestiríeis | travestiriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | travista | travistas | travista | travistamos | travistais | travistam |
| Imperfect | travestisse | travestisses | travestisse | travestíssemos | travestísseis | travestissem |
| Future | travestir | travestires | travestir | travestirmos | travestirdes | travestirem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | traveste | travista | travistamos | travesti | travistam | |
| Negative (não) | não travistas | não travista | não travistamos | não travistais | não travistam | |
Spanish
Etymology
From French travestir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɾabesˈtiɾ/ [t̪ɾa.β̞esˈt̪iɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: tra‧ves‧tir
Verb
travestir (first-person singular present travisto, first-person singular preterite travestí, past participle travestido)
- to dress up in drag (as members of the opposite sex)
Conjugation
Conjugation of travestir (e-i alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | travestir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | travistiendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | travestido | travestida | |||||
| plural | travestidos | travestidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | travisto | travistestú travestísvos | traviste | travestimos | travestís | travisten | |
| imperfect | travestía | travestías | travestía | travestíamos | travestíais | travestían | |
| preterite | travestí | travestiste | travistió | travestimos | travestisteis | travistieron | |
| future | travestiré | travestirás | travestirá | travestiremos | travestiréis | travestirán | |
| conditional | travestiría | travestirías | travestiría | travestiríamos | travestiríais | travestirían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | travista | travistastú travistásvos2 | travista | travistamos | travistáis | travistan | |
| imperfect (ra) | travistiera | travistieras | travistiera | travistiéramos | travistierais | travistieran | |
| imperfect (se) | travistiese | travistieses | travistiese | travistiésemos | travistieseis | travistiesen | |
| future1 | travistiere | travistieres | travistiere | travistiéremos | travistiereis | travistieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | travistetú travestívos | travista | travistamos | travestid | travistan | ||
| negative | no travistas | no travista | no travistamos | no travistáis | no travistan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of travestir (e-i alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive travestir | |||||||
| dative | travestirme | travestirte | travestirle, travestirse | travestirnos | travestiros | travestirles, travestirse | |
| accusative | travestirme | travestirte | travestirlo, travestirla, travestirse | travestirnos | travestiros | travestirlos, travestirlas, travestirse | |
| with gerund travistiendo | |||||||
| dative | travistiéndome | travistiéndote | travistiéndole, travistiéndose | travistiéndonos | travistiéndoos | travistiéndoles, travistiéndose | |
| accusative | travistiéndome | travistiéndote | travistiéndolo, travistiéndola, travistiéndose | travistiéndonos | travistiéndoos | travistiéndolos, travistiéndolas, travistiéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative traviste | |||||||
| dative | travísteme | travístete | travístele | travístenos | not used | travísteles | |
| accusative | travísteme | travístete | travístelo, travístela | travístenos | not used | travístelos, travístelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative travestí | |||||||
| dative | travestime | travestite | travestile | travestinos | not used | travestiles | |
| accusative | travestime | travestite | travestilo, travestila | travestinos | not used | travestilos, travestilas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative travista | |||||||
| dative | travístame | not used | travístale, travístase | travístanos | not used | travístales | |
| accusative | travístame | not used | travístalo, travístala, travístase | travístanos | not used | travístalos, travístalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative travistamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | travistámoste | travistámosle | travistámonos | travistámoos | travistámosles | |
| accusative | not used | travistámoste | travistámoslo, travistámosla | travistámonos | travistámoos | travistámoslos, travistámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative travestid | |||||||
| dative | travestidme | not used | travestidle | travestidnos | travestíos | travestidles | |
| accusative | travestidme | not used | travestidlo, travestidla | travestidnos | travestíos | travestidlos, travestidlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative travistan | |||||||
| dative | travístanme | not used | travístanle | travístannos | not used | travístanles, travístanse | |
| accusative | travístanme | not used | travístanlo, travístanla | travístannos | not used | travístanlos, travístanlas, travístanse | |
Further reading
- “travestir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014