trauma

trauma

See also: Trauma

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈtɹɔː.mə/, /ˈtɹaʊ.mə/

  • Audio (UK)

    (file)

Rhymes: -ɔːmə, -aʊmə

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈtɹɔ.mə/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /ˈtɹɒ.mə/
• (cot–caught merger, father-bother merger) IPA^(key): /ˈtɹɑ.mə/

Noun

trauma (countable and uncountable, plural traumas or traumata)

1. Any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.
2. An emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
   • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian‎:

     Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.

3. An event that causes great distress.

Derived terms

• phonotrauma
• traumaless
• traumatic
• traumatism
• traumatise/traumatize
• trauma incidence reduction

Descendants

• → Japanese: トラウマ

Translations

serious injury to the body

Arabic: إِصَابَة‎ f (ʾiṣāba) Armenian: վնասվածք (hy) (vnasvackʿ) Azerbaijani: zədə, travma Belarusian: тра́ўма f (tráŭma), ра́на f (rána) Bengali: আঘাত (bn) (aghat) Bulgarian: тра́вма f (trávma), ра́на (bg) f (rána) Chinese: Mandarin: 負傷／负伤 (zh) (fùshāng), 損傷／损伤 (zh) (sǔnshāng), 外傷／外伤 (zh) (wàishāng), 創傷／创伤 (zh) (chuāngshāng) Czech: trauma (cs) n, úraz (cs) m Dutch: trauma (nl) n Esperanto: traŭmato Finnish: vamma (fi), ruumiinvamma (fi); trauma (fi) (medical profession jargon) French: traumatisme (fr) m, trauma (fr) m Galician: trauma (gl) f, traumatismo m Georgian: ტრავმა (ṭravma) German: Trauma (de) n Greek: τραύμα (el) n (trávma) Hebrew: טְרָאוּמָה‎ (he) f (trá'uma) Hindi: आघात (hi) m (āghāt) Hungarian: trauma (hu), sérülés (hu), seb (hu), sebesülés (hu) Indonesian: trauma (id) Italian: trauma (it) m Japanese: 外傷 (ja) (がいしょう, gaishō), 損傷 (ja) (そんしょう, sonshō) Kazakh: жарақат (jaraqat) Korean: 외상(外傷) (oesang), 손상(損傷) (ko) (sonsang) Kyrgyz: жаракат (ky) (jarakat) Macedonian: траума f (trauma) Maori: ngaukino, pāmamaetanga Mongolian: Cyrillic: гэмтэл (mn) (gemtel) Mongolian: ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ (gemtül) Persian: ضربت‎ (fa) (zarbat), ضربه‎ (fa) (zarbe), آسیب‎ (fa) (âsib), جراحت‎ (fa) (jerâhat) Polish: uraz (pl) m Portuguese: traumatismo m Russian: тра́вма (ru) f (trávma), ра́на (ru) f (rána) (w) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: тра̀ума f Roman: tràuma (sh) f Slovak: trauma f, úraz m, zranenie n Slovene: travma f, poškodba (sl) f Spanish: traumatismo (es) m Tajik: осеб (tg) (oseb), ҷароҳат (jarohat) Tatar: җәрәхәт (tt) (cäräxät) Turkish: travma (tr), sakatlık (tr) Ukrainian: тра́вма (uk) f (trávma), ра́на f (rána) Uyghur: جاراھەت‎ (jarahet) Uzbek: travma (uz), yara (uz), jarohat (uz) Vietnamese: chấn thương

emotional wound

Belarusian: тра́ўма f (tráŭma), ра́на f (rána) Bulgarian: тра́вма f (trávma) Chinese: Cantonese: 陰影 (jam1 jing2) (informal), 精神創傷, 精神创伤 (zing1 san4 cong3 soeng1) (formal) Mandarin: 精神創傷／精神创伤 (jīngshén chuāngshāng), 心理陰影／心理阴影 (xīnlǐ yīnyǐng) Czech: trauma (cs) n Dutch: trauma (nl) n Esperanto: traŭmato Finnish: trauma (fi) French: traumatisme (fr) Galician: trauma (gl) f Georgian: ტრავმა (ṭravma) German: Trauma (de) n Hebrew: טְרָאוּמָה‎ (he) f (trá'uma) Hungarian: trauma (hu), megrázkódtatás (hu) Indonesian: trauma (id) Italian: trauma (it) m Japanese: トラウマ (torauma), 心的外傷 (しんてきがいしょう, shinteki gaishō), 心の傷 (こころのきず, kokoro no kizu) Korean: 정신적 외상(精神的外傷) (jeongsinjeok oesang) Maori: whētuki, ngaukino Polish: trauma (pl) f, uraz psychiczny m Portuguese: trauma (pt) m Russian: тра́вма (ru) f (trávma), ра́на (ru) f (rána) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: тра̀ума f Roman: tràuma (sh) f Spanish: trauma (es) m Turkish: sarsıntı (tr), travma (tr) Ukrainian: тра́вма (uk) f (trávma), ра́на f (rána)

event

Chinese: Mandarin: 痛苦的經歷／痛苦的经历 (tòngkǔ de jīnglì), 挫折 (zh) (cuòzhé) Dutch: trauma (nl) n Finnish: trauma (fi) French: traumatisme (fr) m Georgian: ტრავმა (ṭravma) German: Trauma (de) n Hebrew: טְרָאוּמָה‎ (he) f (trá'uma) Hungarian: megrázó/traumatikus esemény Portuguese: trauma (pt) m Russian: тра́вма (ru) f (trávma) Spanish: trauma (es) m Turkish: travma (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Spanish: (please verify) trauma (es) f

References

• trauma at OneLook Dictionary Search
• trauma in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• trauma in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

Anagrams

• Murata, Tamura, matura

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Catalan

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.mə/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.ma/

Noun

trauma m (plural traumes)

1. trauma

Derived terms

• traumatitzar

Related terms

• traumàtic

Further reading

• “trauma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “trauma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
• “trauma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “trauma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Czech

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûma, “wound”) via German Trauma.[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtraʊ̯ma/

Noun

trauma n

1. trauma

Declension

Declension of trauma

	singular	plural
nominative	trauma	traumata
genitive	traumatu	traumat
dative	traumatu	traumatům
accusative	trauma	traumata
vocative	trauma	traumata
locative	traumatu	traumatech
instrumental	traumatem	traumaty

Related terms

• traumatický
• traumatizovat
• traumatologie

References

1. "trauma" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007

Further reading

• trauma in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• trauma in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûma, “wound”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtrɑu̯.maː/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: trau‧ma

Noun

trauma n (plural trauma's or traumata, diminutive traumaatje n)

1. trauma

Derived terms

• hoofdtrauma
• traumatisch
• traumatiseren
• traumatalogie

Descendants

• → Indonesian: trauma

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Finnish

Etymology

< Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûma, “wound”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtrɑu̯mɑ/, [ˈt̪rɑu̯mɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑumɑ
• Syllabification^(key): trau‧ma

Noun

trauma

1. trauma

Declension

Inflection of trauma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		trauma	traumat
genitive		trauman	traumojen
partitive		traumaa	traumoja
illative		traumaan	traumoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		trauma	traumat
accusative	nom.	trauma	traumat
	gen.	trauman
genitive		trauman	traumojen traumainrare
partitive		traumaa	traumoja
inessive		traumassa	traumoissa
elative		traumasta	traumoista
illative		traumaan	traumoihin
adessive		traumalla	traumoilla
ablative		traumalta	traumoilta
allative		traumalle	traumoille
essive		traumana	traumoina
translative		traumaksi	traumoiksi
instructive		—	traumoin
abessive		traumatta	traumoitta
comitative		—	traumoineen

Possessive forms of trauma (type kala)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	traumani	traumamme
2nd person	traumasi	traumanne
3rd person	traumansa

Anagrams

• maarut, murtaa

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French

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek τραῦμᾰ (traûma, “wound”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʁo.ma/

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. (medicine) trauma (a localised injury produced by an external action)
2. (psychology and psychoanalysis, elliptical use for trauma psychique) psychic trauma

   Synonym: traumatisme psychique

Derived terms

• trauma acoustique
• trauma auditif
• trauma parodontal
• trauma psychique
• trauma sonore

Descendants

• → Turkish: travma

Further reading

• “trauma”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Galician

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. an emotional wound
2. (medicine) trauma; serious physical injury

Related terms

• traumático
• traumatismo
• traumatizar

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Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtrau̯ma]
• Hyphenation: trau‧ma

Noun

trauma (first-person possessive traumaku, second-person possessive traumamu, third-person possessive traumanya)

1. trauma:
   1. an event that causes great distress.
   2. (psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
   3. (surgery) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.

      Synonym: rudapaksa

Related terms

• traumatis
• traumatologi

 

Further reading

• “trauma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

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Interlingua

Noun

trauma (plural traumas)

1. trauma

Related terms

• traumatic

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Italian

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtraw.ma/
• Rhymes: -awma
• Hyphenation: tràu‧ma

Noun

trauma m (plural traumi)

1. trauma

Anagrams

• matura, murata, rumata

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtræʉ̯.mɑ/

Noun

trauma n (definite singular traumaet, indefinite plural trauma, definite plural traumaa)

1. alternative form of traume

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²træʉ̯.mɑ/

Noun

trauma n

1. definite plural of traume

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Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English trauma, from Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtraw.ma/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -awma
• Syllabification: trau‧ma

Noun

trauma f

1. (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body)

   Synonym: uraz

2. (psychology) trauma (emotional wound)

Declension

Declension of trauma

	singular	plural
nominative	trauma	traumy
genitive	traumy	traum
dative	traumie	traumom
accusative	traumę	traumy
instrumental	traumą	traumami
locative	traumie	traumach
vocative	traumo	traumy

Related terms

adjectives

• traumatologiczny
• traumatyczny

 

nouns

• traumatolog
• traumatologia
• traumatyk
• traumatyzacja
• traumatyzm

 

verb

• traumatyzować

 

Further reading

• trauma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• trauma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.mɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.mɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.ma/ [ˈtɾaʊ̯.ma]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾaw.mɐ/

• Rhymes: -awmɐ
• Hyphenation: trau‧ma

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. trauma (emotional wound)
2. trauma (event that causes great distress)
3. (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body)

   Synonym: traumatismo

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /trǎuma/
• Hyphenation: tra‧u‧ma

Noun

tràuma f (Cyrillic spelling тра̀ума)

1. trauma

Declension

Declension of trauma

	singular	plural
nominative	tràuma	traume
genitive	traume	trȁūmā
dative	traumi	traumama
accusative	traumu	traume
vocative	traumo	traume
locative	traumi	traumama
instrumental	traumom	traumama

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Spanish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾauma/ [ˈt̪ɾau̯.ma]
• Rhymes: -auma
• Syllabification: trau‧ma

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. (medicine, psychology) trauma
2. injury; harm

   Synonym: traumatismo

Derived terms

• antitrauma
• traumatizar
• traumático
• traumado

Verb

trauma

1. inflection of traumar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “trauma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Anagrams

• mutara
• mutará