transpire

transpire

See also: transpiré

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French transpirer, from Medieval Latin transpirare (“to breathe through”), from Latin trans (“across”) spirare (“to breathe”). The sense “to become known” is also present in French, while the sense “to happen” is not; the latter probably developed in English from the former.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /tɹænˈspaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/
• (US) IPA^(key): /tɹænˈspaɪ̯ɚ/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)

Verb

transpire (third-person singular simple present transpires, present participle transpiring, simple past and past participle transpired)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To give off (vapour, waste matter etc.); to exhale (an odour etc.). [from 16th c.]
2. (obsolete, intransitive) To perspire. [17th–19th c.]

   Synonym: sweat

3. (botany, intransitive) Of plants, to give off water and waste products through the stomata. [from 17th c.]
4. (intransitive) To become known; to escape from secrecy. [from 18th c.]

   Synonym: come to light

   It eventually transpired that the murder victim had been a notorious blackmailer.

   • 1832, Thomas De Quincey, Klosterheim Or, the Masque:

     The story of Paulina's and Maximilian's mutual attachment had transpired through many of the travellers.

   • 1839, Edmund Burke, The Annual Register of World Events:

     Hubert then recommends M. Leproux to be punctual to meet him at the rendezvous agreed on between them, where a third individual, whose name did not transpire, was to join them.

5. (loosely, intransitive) To happen, take place. [from 18th c.]

   Synonyms: come about, come to pass, occur; see also Thesaurus:happen

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus, published 2010, page 166:

     Although I was prevented from attending the 1952 annual conference, I was immediately informed as to what had transpired.

   • 2018 September 21, Mark Rice-Oxley, “Don't mention the R-word”, in The Guardian‎:

     But there is a school of thought that holds that the more you talk about recession, the more likely it is to transpire.

Usage notes

The meaning happen, occur possibly arose from a misinterpretation of the word's use in the meaning become known, figuratively drawn from the original exude (vapour, etc.). Claiming it to be wrong and affected, certain critics discourage use in this sense. Meanwhile, it is traceable to the 18th and has been common since the 19th century.

Derived terms

• transpiration

Translations

to give off

Catalan: transpirar (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 散發／散发 (zh) (sànfā) Finnish: erittää (fi), huokua (fi) French: transpirer (fr) Hungarian: kiad (hu), kibocsát (hu), áraszt (hu) Japanese: 発散する (はっさんする, hassan suru)

obsolete: to perspire — see perspire

botany: to give off water and waste products through the stomata

Catalan: transpirar (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 蒸騰／蒸腾 (zh) (zhēngténg) Finnish: haihduttaa French: transpirer (fr) Galician: transpirar (gl) Hungarian: kipárologtat, kigőzölögtet Maori: tukuwai Vietnamese: thoát hơi nước

to become known

Catalan: transpirar (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 洩露／泄露 (zh) (xièlù) Finnish: käydä ilmi, tulla ilmi, tulla tietoon, paljastua (fi) French: transpirer (fr) Greek: μαθεύομαι (el) (mathévomai) Hungarian: kiderül (hu), kitudódik (hu) Japanese: 明らかになる (あきらかになる, akiraka ninaru)

to happen, take place — see happen

Further reading

• “transpire”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

Anagrams

• earprints, pretrains, terrapins

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French

Verb

transpire

1. inflection of transpirer:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• reprisant
• respirant
• sprintera

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Galician

Verb

transpire

1. first-person singular present subjunctive of transpirar
2. third-person singular present subjunctive of transpirar

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Portuguese

Verb

transpire

1. inflection of transpirar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

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Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tranˈspire]

Verb

transpire

1. third-person singular/plural present subjunctive of transpira

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Spanish

Verb

transpire

1. inflection of transpirar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative