traire
French
Etymology
From Old French traire, treire (“to pull”), from Vulgar Latin *tragere, from Latin trahere, present active infinitive of trahō (“I pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʁɛʁ/
- Rhymes: -ɛʁ
audio (file)
Verb
traire
- (transitive) to milk (a cow, etc)
Conjugation
This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -tray- root: *je trayis, *que nous trayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms.The root -trais- was used instead of -tray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
infinitive | simple | traire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | trayant /tʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /tʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | trait /tʁɛ/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | trais /tʁɛ/ | trais /tʁɛ/ | trait /tʁɛ/ | trayons /tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /tʁe.jɔ̃/ | trayez /tʁɛ.je/ or /tʁe.je/ | traient /tʁɛ/ |
imperfect | trayais /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ | trayais /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ | trayait /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ | trayions /tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ | trayiez /tʁɛj.je/ | trayaient /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ | |
past historic2 | trayai /tʁɛe/ | trayas /tʁɛa/ | traya /tʁɛa/ | trayâmes /tʁɛam/ | trayâtes /tʁɛat/ | trayèrent /tʁɛɛʁ/ | |
future | trairai /tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /tʁe.ʁe/ | trairas /tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /tʁe.ʁa/ | traira /tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /tʁe.ʁa/ | trairons /tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | trairez /tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /tʁe.ʁe/ | trairont /tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | trairais /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ | trairais /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ | trairait /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ | trairions /tʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ | trairiez /tʁɛ.ʁje/ or /tʁe.ʁje/ | trairaient /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | traie /tʁɛ/ | traies /tʁɛ/ | traie /tʁɛ/ | trayions /tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ | trayiez /tʁɛj.je/ | traient /tʁɛ/ |
imperfect2 | trayasse /tʁɛas/ | trayasses /tʁɛas/ | trayât /tʁɛa/ | trayassions /tʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ | trayassiez /tʁɛa.sje/ | trayassent /tʁɛas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | trais /tʁɛ/ | — | trayons /tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /tʁe.jɔ̃/ | trayez /tʁɛ.je/ or /tʁe.je/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
- trait
- traiter
- tracer
- traîner
- traille
- tracteur
- traction
Further reading
- “traire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- errait, retira, terrai, tirera, triera
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French traire.
Verb
traire
- to fire (an arrow)
- circa 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:
- arbalestriers commencierent a traire sur le chastel
- [the] crossbowmen started to fire at the castle
-
Descendants
- French: traire
Norman
Etymology
From Old French traire, from Latin trahō (“I pull”).
Verb
traire
- to pull
- to milk
Conjugation
![](Images/wiktionary/Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg.png.webp)
infinitive | traire | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | trayant | ||||||
auxiliary | aveir1 | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | trait | traite | |||||
plural | traits | traites | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | je (j') | tu (t') | il, alle, nos | je (nos) | vos | il, alles | |
present | trais | trais | trait | trayoms | trayez | traient | |
imperfect | trayeis | trayeis | trayeit | trayioms | trayiez | trayeient | |
preterite | trayis | trayis | trayit | trayîmes | trayîtes | trayîtrent | |
future | trairai | trairas | traira | trairoms | trairez | trairont | |
conditional | traireis | traireis | traireit | trairioms | trairiez | traireient | |
subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il, qu'alle, que nos | que je (que nos) | que vos | qu'il, qu'alles | |
present | traie | traies | traie | trayioms | trayiez | traient | |
imperfect | trayisse | trayisses | trayît trayisse | trayissioms | trayissiez | trayissent | |
imperative | — | tu | — | je (nos) | vos | — | |
trais | trayoms | trayez | |||||
1Used with past participles. |
Related terms
- attraire
- estraire
- soutraire
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan traire, from Vulgar Latin tragere, from Latin trahere (“to drag, extract, trail”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtɾaj.ɾe/
Audio (file)
Verb
traire
- to pull, drag
Old French
Alternative forms
- treire, trere
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *tragere, present active infinitive of *tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).
Verb
traire
- to pull
- (chiefly of a weapon) to draw; to unsheathe
- to pull out (extract by pulling); to remove (by pulling)
- circa 1150, Thomas d'Angleterre, Le Roman de Tristan, page 164 (of the Champion Classiques edition, →ISBN, line 1980:
- Un anel d'or trait de sun dei
- she removed a gold ring from her finger
- circa 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
- A plusurs fist traire les denz
- For many, he pulled out their teeth
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | traire | avoir trait | |||||
gerund | en traiant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | traiant | ||||||
past participle | trait | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | trai | trais | trait | traions | traiiez, traites | traient |
imperfect | traioie, traieie | traioies, traieies | traioit, traieit | traiiiens, traiiens | traiiiez, traiiez | traioient, traieient | |
preterite | trais | traisis | traist | traisimes | traisistes | traistrent | |
future | trairai | trairas | traira | trairons | trairoiz, traireiz, trairez | trairont | |
conditional | trairoie, traireie | trairoies, traireies | trairoit, traireit | trairiiens, trairiens | trairiiez, trairiez | trairoient, traireient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | traie | traies | traie | traiiens, traions | traiiez | traient |
imperfect | traisisse | traisisses | traisist | traisissons, traisissiens | traisissoiz, traisissez, traisissiez | traisissent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | trai | — | traions | traiiez | — |
Related terms
- atraire
- estraire
- retraire
Descendants
- Middle French: traire
- French: traire
- Norman: traithe, traire
Old Occitan
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *tragere, present active infinitive of *tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).
Verb
traire
- to pull
Related terms
- atraire
- estraire
- retraire
Descendants
- Occitan: traire
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “trahere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 13: To–Tyrus, page 177