totus
Latin
Etymology 1
Uncertain. Perhaps related to Oscan 𐌕𐌏𐌖𐌕𐌏 (touto, “community, city-state”), Umbrian 𐌕𐌏𐌕𐌀𐌌 (totam, “tribe”, acc.), from Proto-Italic *toutā (“people; populace, citizenship”) from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈtoː.tus/, [ˈt̪oːt̪ʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔːt̪us]
- Hyphenation: to‧tus
Adjective
tōtus (feminine tōta, neuter tōtum); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal)
- whole, all, entire, total, complete, every part
- Synonym: cūnctus
- all together, all at once
Usage notes
- In separating totus from omnis it can be useful to remember Quintilian's sentence (Ins.Or.8.3.70), "minus est tamen totum dicere, quam omnia" ("It is less to say the whole, than all the parts.").
Declension
First/second-declension adjective (pronominal).
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | tōtus | tōta | tōtum | tōtī | tōtae | tōta | |
Genitive | tōtī̆us | tōtōrum | tōtārum | tōtōrum | |||
Dative | tōtī | tōtīs | |||||
Accusative | tōtum | tōtam | tōtum | tōtōs | tōtās | tōta | |
Ablative | tōtō | tōtā | tōtō | tōtīs | |||
Vocative | tōte | tōta | tōtum | tōtī | tōtae | tōta |
Derived terms
- pars prō tōtō
- Tēla Tōtīus Terrae
- tōtālis
Descendants
See also Late Latin tōttus.
- Balkan Romance: (if not via tōttus)
- Aromanian: tut, tot
- Istro-Romanian: tot
- Romanian: tot
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: tou
- Galician: todo
- Portuguese: tudo, todo (see there for further descendants)
- Spanish: todo
- Borrowings:
- → Interlingua: tote
See also
- integer
- omnis
References
- “tōtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “totus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- totus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- the perfect harmony of the universe: totius mundi convenientia et consensus
- to spread over the whole body: per totum corpus diffundi
- to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature: totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum
- to devote oneself absolutely to the pursuit of pleasure: se totum voluptatibus dedere, tradere
- to devote oneself entirely to literature: se totum litteris tradere, dedere
- to be quite engrossed in literary studies: se totum in litteras or se litteris abdere
- to upset the whole system: totam rationem evertere (pass. iacet tota ratio)
- to love some one very dearly, with all one's heart: aliquem toto pectore, ut dicitur, amare (Leg. 18. 49)
- to put oneself entirely in some one's hands: totum se committere, tradere alicui
- to abandon oneself (entirely) to debauchery: se (totum) libidinibus dedere
- credit is low throughout Italy: fides tota Italia est angusta
- to devote oneself body and soul to the good of the state: totum et animo et corpore in salutem rei publicae se conferre
- the perfect harmony of the universe: totius mundi convenientia et consensus
Etymology 2
From tot (“so many”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔt̪ʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈto.tus/, [ˈt̪ɔːt̪us]
Adjective
tŏtus (feminine tŏta, neuter tŏtum); first/second-declension adjective
- (very rare) so great a ——
- quotcumque pedum spatia facienda censueris, totam partem longitudinis et latitudinis duces
- of however many feet you have determined the gaps are to be made, you will take as great a part of the length and breadth
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | tŏtus | tŏta | tŏtum | tŏtī | tŏtae | tŏta | |
Genitive | tŏtī | tŏtae | tŏtī | tŏtōrum | tŏtārum | tŏtōrum | |
Dative | tŏtō | tŏtō | tŏtīs | ||||
Accusative | tŏtum | tŏtam | tŏtum | tŏtōs | tŏtās | tŏta | |
Ablative | tŏtō | tŏtā | tŏtō | tŏtīs | |||
Vocative | tŏte | tŏta | tŏtum | tŏtī | tŏtae | tŏta |
Related terms
Latin correlatives (edit)
type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic | quis, quī | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quisquam, aliquisquam, quispiam, ūllus | is, iste, istic | hic | ille, illic | quī | quisquis, quīcumque | ipse, īdem | alter, alius |
dual | uter | alteruter, uterque | uter | utercumque | |||||
number | quot | aliquot | tot | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | totidem | |||
order | quotus | totus | quotus | quotuscumque | |||||
quantity | quam | aliquam | tam | quam | †quamquam | †tamen, †tandem | |||
size | quantus | aliquantus | tantus | quantus | quantuscumque | tantusdem | |||
quality | quālis | aliquālis | tālis | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | ||||
manner | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | ita, sic, eō/istō modō | hōc modō | illō modō | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | item, itidem | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
method, path, place | quā | aliquā, quāque | eā, istāc | hāc | illāc | quā | quāquā, quācumque | eādem | aliā |
place | ubi | alicubi, ubique, usquam, uspiam | ibi, istic | hīc | illīc | ubi | ubiubi, ubicumque | ibidem | alibī, aliās |
source | unde | alicunde, undeunde | inde, istinc | hinc | illinc | unde | undecumque | indidem | aliunde |
destination | quō, quōrsum | aliquō, quōquam, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | eō, istūc, °istōrsum | hūc, °hōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | quō | quōquō, quōcumque | eōdem | aliō, aliorsum |
time | quandō | quondam, aliquandō, quandōque, umquam | tum, tunc | num, nunc | ōlim | cum, quandō | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | simul | aliās |
exact time | quota hōra | ea/ista hōra | hac hōra | illa hōra | quota hōra | quotacumque hōra | eadem hōra | altera/alia hōra | |
repetition | quotiēns | aliquotiēns | totiēns | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | ||||
multiplication | quotuplex | totuplex | quotuplex | ||||||
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare |
References
- “tŏtus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “totus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- totus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette