tost
English
Verb
tost
- (obsolete) simple past tense and past participle of toss
- 1810, Walter Scott, “Canto I. The Chase.”, in The Lady of the Lake; a Poem, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, OCLC 6632529, stanza XXII, page 28:
- A wanderer, here by fortune tost, / My way, my friends, my courser lost, / I ne'er before, believe me, fair, / Have ever drawn your mountain air, / Till on this lake's romantic strand, / I found a fay in fairy land.
-
Anagrams
- TSTO, stot, tots
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin tostum, the neuter of tostus. Cognate with French tôt, Italian tosto.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈtɔst/
Adverb
tost
- (archaic or dialectal) soon
- Synonym: aviat
German
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
tost
- inflection of tosen:
- second-person singular/plural present
- third-person singular present
- plural imperative
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish tost, from Proto-Celtic *tustus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪ˠɔsˠt̪ˠ/
Noun
tost m (genitive singular tost, nominative plural tostanna)
- silence
- Bí i do thost! ― Be silent!, Be quiet!, Shut up!
- Proverb: Is binn béal ina thost. ― A silent mouth is sweet.
- verbal noun of tost
Declension
Third declension
Bare forms:
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Verb
tost (present analytic tostann, future analytic tostfaidh, verbal noun tost, past participle tosta)
- (intransitive) be silent, become silent
- Thost sé bomaite. ― He remained silent a while.
Conjugation
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | tostaim | tostann tú; tostair† | tostann sé, sí | tostaimid | tostann sibh | tostann siad; tostaid† | a thostann; a thostas / a dtostann*; a dtostas* | tostar |
| past | thost mé; thostas | thost tú; thostais | thost sé, sí | thostamar; thost muid | thost sibh; thostabhair | thost siad; thostadar | a thost / ar thost* | tostadh | |
| past habitual | thostainn / dtostainn‡‡ | thostá / dtostᇇ | thostadh sé, sí / dtostadh sé, s퇇 | thostaimis; thostadh muid / dtostaimis‡‡; dtostadh muid‡‡ | thostadh sibh / dtostadh sibh‡‡ | thostaidís; thostadh siad / dtostaidís‡‡; dtostadh siad‡‡ | a thostadh / a dtostadh* | thostaí / dtosta퇇 | |
| future | tostfaidh mé; tostfad | tostfaidh tú; tostfair† | tostfaidh sé, sí | tostfaimid; tostfaidh muid | tostfaidh sibh | tostfaidh siad; tostfaid† | a thostfaidh; a thostfas / a dtostfaidh*; a dtostfas* | tostfar | |
| conditional | thostfainn / dtostfainn‡‡ | thostfá / dtostfᇇ | thostfadh sé, sí / dtostfadh sé, s퇇 | thostfaimis; thostfadh muid / dtostfaimis‡‡; dtostfadh muid‡‡ | thostfadh sibh / dtostfadh sibh‡‡ | thostfaidís; thostfadh siad / dtostfaidís‡‡; dtostfadh siad‡‡ | a thostfadh / a dtostfadh* | thostfaí / dtostfa퇇 | |
| subjunctive | present | go dtosta mé; go dtostad† | go dtosta tú; go dtostair† | go dtosta sé, sí | go dtostaimid; go dtosta muid | go dtosta sibh | go dtosta siad; go dtostaid† | — | go dtostar |
| past | dá dtostainn | dá dtostá | dá dtostadh sé, sí | dá dtostaimis; dá dtostadh muid | dá dtostadh sibh | dá dtostaidís; dá dtostadh siad | — | dá dtostaí | |
| imperative | tostaim | tost | tostadh sé, sí | tostaimis | tostaigí; tostaidh† | tostaidís | — | tostar | |
| verbal noun | tost | ||||||||
| past participle | tosta | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| tost | thost | dtost |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “tost”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “tost”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 748
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “tostaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 748
- MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “tost”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “tost”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “tost” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “tost” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old French toster.
Verb
tost
- Alternative form of tosten
Etymology 2
A back-formation from tosten.
Alternative forms
- toste, toost
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɔːst/
- Rhymes: -ɔːst
Noun
tost (plural tostes)
- toast (bread that has been toasted)
Descendants
- English: toast
- Scots: toast
References
- “tōst, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-14.
Old French
Etymology
Possibly from Latin tot (“very”) + cito (“fast”), but more likely from Vulgar Latin *tostum, from the neuter of Latin tostus (“toasted”), later meaning "hotly, promptly" in Vulgar Latin. Cognate to Italian tosto, Occitan and Catalan tost.
Pronunciation
- (classical) IPA(key): /ˈtɔst/
- (late) IPA(key): /ˈtoːt/
Adverb
tost
- early
- soon
- quickly; straight away
Derived terms
- bientost
- tantost
Descendants
- French: tôt
- → Old Portuguese: toste
- Galician: toste
- Portuguese: toste
References
- Bratchet, A. (1873), “tot”, in , Kitchin, G. W., transl., Etymological dictionary of the French language (Clarendon Press Series), 1st edition, London: Oxford/MacMillan and Co.
- Etymology and history of “chignon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *tustus, from the same root as tóe. Several phonological peculiarities relating to the evolution of this term, such as irregular final -st (which should have become -s(s) /s/) and the initial consonant fluctuating between t- and s-, are probably due to contamination from its synonym, socht. This contamination intensified over time, giving birth to Middle Irish and Early Modern Irish forms like tocht and sosd.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtost/
Noun
tost m (genitive unattested, no plural)
- silence
- Synonym: socht
Descendants
- Middle Irish: tost, tocht
- Irish: tost
- Scottish Gaelic: tost
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| tost | thost | tost pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “tost”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from English toast, from Middle English tost.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɔst/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔst
- Syllabification: tost
Noun
tost m inan
- toast (toasted bread)
- grilled cheese, toastie
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | tost | tosty |
| genitive | tosta | tostów |
| dative | tostowi | tostom |
| accusative | tost | tosty |
| instrumental | tostem | tostami |
| locative | toście | tostach |
| vocative | toście | tosty |
Further reading
- tost in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- tost in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
- tosd
Etymology
From Old Irish tost, from Proto-Celtic *tustus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t̪ʰɔs̪t̪]
Noun
tost m (genitive singular tost, no plural)
- silence
Mutation
| Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition |
| tost | thost |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |
References
- Edward Dwelly (1911), “tost”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “tost”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “tost”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Turkish
Etymology
From English toast.
Noun
tost (definite accusative tosdu, plural tostlar)
- toast
Venetian
Etymology
Compare Italian toast
Noun
tost m (invariable)
- toasted sandwich
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /toːsd/, [tʰoːst]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /tɔsd/, [tʰɔst]
- Rhymes: -ɔsd
Etymology 1
From Middle Welsh tost, perhaps from Latin tostus (“roasted, parched”) via a Proto-Brythonic *tost, though the semantic development is unclear.
Adjective
tost (feminine singular tost, plural tostion, equative tosted, comparative tostach, superlative tostaf)
- ill
- sore
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English toast, from Middle English tosten, from Old French toster, from Latin tostus.
Noun
tost m (uncountable)
- toast
- Synonym: bara cras
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| tost | dost | nhost | thost |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tost”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies