torus

torus

See also: Torus

English

WOTD – 10 April 2007

A geometrical torus

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin torus (“a round, swelling, elevation, protuberance”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔːɹəs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔɹ.əs/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Audio (AU)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔːɹəs
• Homophone: Taurus (accents with the horse-hoarse merger)

Noun

torus (plural tori or toruses)

1. (geometry) The standard representation of such a space in 3-dimensional Euclidean space: a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut).

   Hypernym: toroid

   1. (topology) A topological space which is a product of two circles.

      A 4-variable Karnaugh map can be thought of, topologically, as being a torus.

      Hyponym: solid torus

      1. (topology, in combination, n-torus, 4-torus, etc.) The product of the specified number of circles.
   2. A ring-shaped object, especially a large ring-shaped chamber used in physical research.
2. (architecture) A large convex molding, typically semicircular in cross section, which commonly projects at the base of a column and above the plinth.
3. (anatomy) A rounded ridge of bone or muscle, especially one on the occipital bone.
4. (botany) The end of the peduncle or flower stalk to which the floral parts (or in the Asteraceae, the florets of a flower head) are attached.

   Synonyms: receptacle, thalamus

5. (botany) The thickening of a membrane closing a wood-cell pit (as of gymnosperm tracheids) having the secondary cell wall arched over the pit cavity.

Derived terms

• hypertorus
• keratotorus
• nanotorus
• polytorus
• subtorus
• supertorus
• toric
• toroid

 

Related terms

• torus tubarius

Translations

shape in 3-dimensional Euclidean space

Albanian: torusi Arabic: طَارَة‎ (ar) m (ṭāra) Basque: toru Belarusian: тор m (tor) Bulgarian: тор m (tor) Catalan: tor (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: 環面／环面 (zh) (huánmiàn) Czech: torus (cs) m Danish: torus (da) c Dutch: torus (nl) m Esperanto: toro (eo) Estonian: toor Finnish: torus (fi) French: tore (fr) m Galician: toro (gl) m German: Torus (de) m Greek: τόρος (el) m (tóros) Hebrew: טורוס‎ m (torus) Hungarian: tórusz (hu) Ido: toro (io) Italian: toro (it) m Japanese: トーラス (ja) (tōrasu) Korean: 원환면 (wonhwanmyeon) Latvian: tors m Lithuanian: toras m Macedonian: тор m (tor) Maori: tarawhiti Norwegian: Bokmål: torus m Nynorsk: torus m Polish: torus (pl) m, armila f Portuguese: toro (pt) m Romanian: tor (ro) n Russian: тор (ru) m (tor) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: торус m Roman: torus (sh) m Slovak: torus m Slovene: torus m Spanish: toro (es) m Swedish: torus (sv) c Turkish: simit (tr) Ukrainian: тор (uk) m (tor) Vietnamese: khối xuyến

topological space

Chinese: Mandarin: 環面／环面 (zh) (huánmiàn) Esperanto: toro (eo) Finnish: torus (fi) French: tore (fr) Japanese: トーラス (ja) (tōrasu) Polish: torus (pl) m Russian: тор (ru) m (tor) Spanish: toro (es) m

in combination, product of circles

Finnish: torus (fi) Polish: torus (pl) m

convex molding

Catalan: tor (ca) m, bossell (ca) m Finnish: torus (fi), vannikka French: tore (fr) m German: Wulst (de) m Italian: toro (it) m

receptacle

Chinese: Mandarin: 花托 (zh) (huātuō) Finnish: kukkapohjus (fi)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Greek: (please verify) τόρος (el) m (tóros)

See also

• annulus
• hoop

References

• “torus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “torus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

Anagrams

• Rusto, Stour, Sutor, Tours, roust, routs, stour, sutor, tours

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Dutch

Etymology

From Latin torus.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: to‧rus

Noun

torus m (plural torussen, diminutive torusje n)

1. (geometry) torus

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Finnish

Etymology 1

From Latin torus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtorus/, [ˈt̪o̞rus̠]
• IPA^(key): /ˈtoːrus/, [ˈt̪o̞ːrus̠] (proscribed)
• Rhymes: -orus
• Syllabification^(key): to‧rus

Noun

torus

1. (geometry, topology) torus

Declension

Inflection of torus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		torus	torukset
genitive		toruksen	torusten toruksien
partitive		torusta	toruksia
illative		torukseen	toruksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		torus	torukset
accusative	nom.	torus	torukset
	gen.	toruksen
genitive		toruksen	torusten toruksien
partitive		torusta	toruksia
inessive		toruksessa	toruksissa
elative		toruksesta	toruksista
illative		torukseen	toruksiin
adessive		toruksella	toruksilla
ablative		torukselta	toruksilta
allative		torukselle	toruksille
essive		toruksena	toruksina
translative		torukseksi	toruksiksi
instructive		—	toruksin
abessive		toruksetta	toruksitta
comitative		—	toruksineen

Possessive forms of torus (type vastaus)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	torukseni	toruksemme
2nd person	toruksesi	toruksenne
3rd person	toruksensa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtorus/, [ˈt̪o̞rus̠]
• Rhymes: -orus
• Syllabification^(key): to‧rus

Verb

torus

1. second-person singular present imperative of torua (with the suffix -s)

Anagrams

• ruots., rusto, turso

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Latin

Alternative forms

• torum, thorus

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.rus/, [ˈt̪ɔrʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈto.rus/, [ˈt̪ɔːrus]

Noun

torus m (genitive torī); second declension

1. round, swelling, bulging place; elevation, protuberance
2. bulge, knot
3. (zootomy, usually poetic) muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies
   1. (transferred sense, botany) bulge, thickness of trees
4. raised ornament, knot on a garland
5. (usually poetic) bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa
   1. marriage bed
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.483-484:

        ausus es ante oculōs adductā paelice nostrōs
        tam bene compositum sollicitāre torum?

        Have you dared, by bringing your mistress before my eyes,
        to disturb our marriage bed so very well-composed?
        (Ariadne accuses her husband of infidelity.)

   2. (transferred sense, figuratively) marriage (sometimes any sexual relationship)

      Synonym: thalamus

6. embankment, elevation of earth
7. (architecture) large round molding at the base of a column

Inflection

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	torus	torī
Genitive	torī	torōrum
Dative	torō	torīs
Accusative	torum	torōs
Ablative	torō	torīs
Vocative	tore	torī

Derived terms

• toral
• torāria
• torōsus (adjective)
• torulus (diminutive)

Descendants

Descendants of torus in other languages

• Asturian: tueru
• → English: torus
• French: toron, tore (borrowed)
• → Galician: toro
• → Portuguese: toro
• → Spanish: toro, tuero

References

• “torus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “torus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• torus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• “torus”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
• “torus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “torus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Anagrams

• sutor

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Swedish

Noun

torus c

1. (geometry, topology) torus; a shape consisting of a ring, or an object of the same topology residing in a space of higher dimension; especially considered as a Cartesian product of two circles in a four-dimensional space

Declension

Declension of torus
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	torus	torusen	torusar	torusarna
Genitive	torus	torusens	torusars	torusarnas

Related terms

• flat torus

Anagrams

• oturs