torrua
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *torudak.
Pronunciation
- (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈtoruɑ/, [ˈtorːuɑ]
- Rhymes: -oruɑ
- Hyphenation: tor‧rua
Verb
torrua
- to scold, rebuke, criticize
Inflection
| Conjugation of torrua (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation, gemination) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | torun | en toru | 1st singular | õõn torunnu | en õõ torunnu |
| 2nd singular | torud | ed toru | 2nd singular | õõd torunnu | ed õõ torunnu |
| 3rd singular | torub | eb toru | 3rd singular | on torunnu | eb õõ torunnu |
| 1st plural | torummõ | emmä toru | 1st plural | öõmmõ torunnu | emmä õõ torunnu |
| 2nd plural | toruttõ | että toru | 2nd plural | õõttõ torunnu | että õõ torunnu |
| 3rd plural | toruta | eväd toru | 3rd plural | õlla toruttu | eväd õõ toruttu |
| impersonal | toruta | eväd toru | impersonal | õlla toruttu | eväd õõ toruttu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | toruzin | en torunnu | 1st singular | õlin torunnu | — |
| 2nd singular | toruzid | ed torunnu | 2nd singular | õlid torunnu | — |
| 3rd singular | toru | eb torunnu | 3rd singular | õli torunnu | — |
| 1st plural | toruzimmõ | emmä torunnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ torunnu | — |
| 2nd plural | toruzittõ | että torunnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ torunnu | — |
| 3rd plural | torutti | eväd toruttu | 3rd plural | õlti toruttu | — |
| impersonal | torutti | eväd toruttu | impersonal | õlti toruttu | — |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | toruizin | en toruizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin torunnu | en õllõizʹ torunnu |
| 2nd singular | toruizid | ed toruizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid torunnu | ed õllõizʹ torunnu |
| 3rd singular | toruizʹ | eb toruizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ torunnu | eb õllõizʹ torunnu |
| 1st plural | toruizimmõ | emmä toruizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ torunnu | emmä õllõizʹ torunnu |
| 2nd plural | toruizittõ | että toruizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ torunnu | että õllõizʹ torunnu |
| 3rd plural | toruttaizʹ | eväd toruttaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ toruttu | eväd õltaizʹ toruttu |
| impersonal | toruttaizʹ | eväd toruttaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ toruttu | eväd õltaizʹ toruttu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | toru | elä toru | |||
| 3rd singular | torugo | elko torugo | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | toruga | elka toruga | |||
| 3rd plural | torugod | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | torrua | present | torujõ | — | |
| 2nd | illative | toruma | past | torunnu | toruttu |
| inessive | torumõz | ||||
| elative | torumassõ | ||||
| abessive | torumattõ | ||||
References
- V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “torua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn