togwa

togwa

Swahili

Noun

togwa (n class, plural togwa)

1. a sweet, unfermented beverage, traditionally made from sorghum

Etymology 2

See -toga.

Verb

-togwa (infinitive kutogwa)

1. Passive form of -toga

Conjugation

Conjugation of -togwa
Non-finite forms
Form					Positive							Negative
Infinitive					kutogwa							kutotogwa
Simple finite forms
Positive form					Singular							Plural
Imperative					togwa							togweni
Habitual					hutogwa
Complex finite forms
Polarity	Persons				Persons / Classes		Classes
	1st		2nd		3rd / M-wa		M-mi		Ma		Ki-vi		N		U	Ku	Pa	Mu
	Sg.	Pl.	Sg.	Pl.	Sg. / 1	Pl. / 2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11 / 14	15 / 17	16	18
Past Positive nilitogwa nalitogwa tulitogwa twalitogwa ulitogwa walitogwa mlitogwa mwalitogwa alitogwa walitogwa ulitogwa ilitogwa lilitogwa yalitogwa kilitogwa vilitogwa ilitogwa zilitogwa ulitogwa kulitogwa palitogwa mulitogwa Relative niliotogwa naliotogwa tuliotogwa twaliotogwa uliotogwa waliotogwa mliotogwa mwaliotogwa aliotogwa waliotogwa uliotogwa iliotogwa liliotogwa yaliotogwa kiliotogwa viliotogwa iliotogwa ziliotogwa uliotogwa kuliotogwa paliotogwa muliotogwa Negative sikutogwa hatukutogwa hukutogwa hamkutogwa hakutogwa hawakutogwa haukutogwa haikutogwa halikutogwa hayakutogwa hakikutogwa havikutogwa haikutogwa hazikutogwa haukutogwa hakukutogwa hapakutogwa hamukutogwa
Present Positive ninatogwa natogwa tunatogwa unatogwa mnatogwa anatogwa wanatogwa unatogwa inatogwa linatogwa yanatogwa kinatogwa vinatogwa inatogwa zinatogwa unatogwa kunatogwa panatogwa munatogwa Relative ninaotogwa naotogwa tunaotogwa unaotogwa mnaotogwa anaotogwa wanaotogwa unaotogwa inaotogwa linaotogwa yanaotogwa kinaotogwa vinaotogwa inaotogwa zinaotogwa unaotogwa kunaotogwa panaotogwa munaotogwa Negative sitogwi hatutogwi hutogwi hamtogwi hatogwi hawatogwi hautogwi haitogwi halitogwi hayatogwi hakitogwi havitogwi haitogwi hazitogwi hautogwi hakutogwi hapatogwi hamutogwi
Future Positive nitatogwa tutatogwa utatogwa mtatogwa atatogwa watatogwa utatogwa itatogwa litatogwa yatatogwa kitatogwa vitatogwa itatogwa zitatogwa utatogwa kutatogwa patatogwa mutatogwa Relative nitakaotogwa tutakaotogwa utakaotogwa mtakaotogwa atakaotogwa watakaotogwa utakaotogwa itakaotogwa litakaotogwa yatakaotogwa kitakaotogwa vitakaotogwa itakaotogwa zitakaotogwa utakaotogwa kutakaotogwa patakaotogwa mutakaotogwa Negative sitatogwa hatutatogwa hutatogwa hamtatogwa hatatogwa hawatatogwa hautatogwa haitatogwa halitatogwa hayatatogwa hakitatogwa havitatogwa haitatogwa hazitatogwa hautatogwa hakutatogwa hapatatogwa hamutatogwa
Subjunctive Positive nitogwe tutogwe utogwe mtogwe atogwe watogwe utogwe itogwe litogwe yatogwe kitogwe vitogwe itogwe zitogwe utogwe kutogwe patogwe mutogwe Negative nisitogwe tusitogwe usitogwe msitogwe asitogwe wasitogwe usitogwe isitogwe lisitogwe yasitogwe kisitogwe visitogwe isitogwe zisitogwe usitogwe kusitogwe pasitogwe musitogwe
Present Conditional Positive ningetogwa tungetogwa ungetogwa mngetogwa angetogwa wangetogwa ungetogwa ingetogwa lingetogwa yangetogwa kingetogwa vingetogwa ingetogwa zingetogwa ungetogwa kungetogwa pangetogwa mungetogwa Negative nisingetogwa singetogwa tusingetogwa hatungetogwa usingetogwa hungetogwa msingetogwa hamngetogwa asingetogwa hangetogwa wasingetogwa hawangetogwa usingetogwa haungetogwa isingetogwa haingetogwa lisingetogwa halingetogwa yasingetogwa hayangetogwa kisingetogwa hakingetogwa visingetogwa havingetogwa isingetogwa haingetogwa zisingetogwa hazingetogwa usingetogwa haungetogwa kusingetogwa hakungetogwa pasingetogwa hapangetogwa musingetogwa hamungetogwa
Past Conditional Positive ningalitogwa tungalitogwa ungalitogwa mngalitogwa angalitogwa wangalitogwa ungalitogwa ingalitogwa lingalitogwa yangalitogwa kingalitogwa vingalitogwa ingalitogwa zingalitogwa ungalitogwa kungalitogwa pangalitogwa mungalitogwa Negative nisingalitogwa singalitogwa tusingalitogwa hatungalitogwa usingalitogwa hungalitogwa msingalitogwa hamngalitogwa asingalitogwa hangalitogwa wasingalitogwa hawangalitogwa usingalitogwa haungalitogwa isingalitogwa haingalitogwa lisingalitogwa halingalitogwa yasingalitogwa hayangalitogwa kisingalitogwa hakingalitogwa visingalitogwa havingalitogwa isingalitogwa haingalitogwa zisingalitogwa hazingalitogwa usingalitogwa haungalitogwa kusingalitogwa hakungalitogwa pasingalitogwa hapangalitogwa musingalitogwa hamungalitogwa
Conditional Contrary to Fact Positive ningelitogwa tungelitogwa ungelitogwa mngelitogwa angelitogwa wangelitogwa ungelitogwa ingelitogwa lingelitogwa yangelitogwa kingelitogwa vingelitogwa ingelitogwa zingelitogwa ungelitogwa kungelitogwa pangelitogwa mungelitogwa
General Relative Positive nitogwao tutogwao utogwao mtogwao atogwao watogwao utogwao itogwao litogwao yatogwao kitogwao vitogwao itogwao zitogwao utogwao kutogwao patogwao mutogwao Negative nisiotogwa tusiotogwa usiotogwa msiotogwa asiotogwa wasiotogwa usiotogwa isiotogwa lisiotogwa yasiotogwa kisiotogwa visiotogwa isiotogwa zisiotogwa usiotogwa kusiotogwa pasiotogwa musiotogwa
Gnomic Positive natogwa twatogwa watogwa mwatogwa atogwa watogwa watogwa yatogwa latogwa yatogwa chatogwa vyatogwa yatogwa zatogwa watogwa kwatogwa patogwa mwatogwa
Perfect Positive nimetogwa tumetogwa umetogwa mmetogwa ametogwa wametogwa umetogwa imetogwa limetogwa yametogwa kimetogwa vimetogwa imetogwa zimetogwa umetogwa kumetogwa pametogwa mumetogwa
"Already" Positive nimeshatogwa tumeshatogwa umeshatogwa mmeshatogwa ameshatogwa wameshatogwa umeshatogwa imeshatogwa limeshatogwa yameshatogwa kimeshatogwa vimeshatogwa imeshatogwa zimeshatogwa umeshatogwa kumeshatogwa pameshatogwa mumeshatogwa
"Not yet" Negative sijatogwa hatujatogwa hujatogwa hamjatogwa hajatogwa hawajatogwa haujatogwa haijatogwa halijatogwa hayajatogwa hakijatogwa havijatogwa haijatogwa hazijatogwa haujatogwa hakujatogwa hapajatogwa hamujatogwa
"If/When" Positive nikitogwa tukitogwa ukitogwa mkitogwa akitogwa wakitogwa ukitogwa ikitogwa likitogwa yakitogwa kikitogwa vikitogwa ikitogwa zikitogwa ukitogwa kukitogwa pakitogwa mukitogwa
"If not" Negative nisipotogwa tusipotogwa usipotogwa msipotogwa asipotogwa wasipotogwa usipotogwa isipotogwa lisipotogwa yasipotogwa kisipotogwa visipotogwa isipotogwa zisipotogwa usipotogwa kusipotogwa pasipotogwa musipotogwa
Consecutive Positive nikatogwa tukatogwa ukatogwa mkatogwa akatogwa wakatogwa ukatogwa ikatogwa likatogwa yakatogwa kikatogwa vikatogwa ikatogwa zikatogwa ukatogwa kukatogwa pakatogwa mukatogwa
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.