tog
Translingual
Symbol
tog
- (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Tonga (Malawi).
English
Etymology 1
Shortened from earlier togman (“cloak, loose coat”), from Middle English tog, toge, togue, from Old French togue, from Latin toga (“cloak, mantle”) (compare the doublets toga and toge). It started being used by thieves and vagabonds with the noun togman, which was an old slang word for "cloak". By the 1700s the noun "tog" was used as a short form for "togman", and it was being used for "coat", and before 1800 the word started to mean "clothing". The verb "tog" came out after a short period of time and became a popular word which meant to dress up. The unit of thermal resistance was coined in the 1940s after the clo, a unit of thermal insulation of clothing, which was itself derived from clothes.
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /tɑɡ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /tɒɡ/
Audio (UK) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒɡ
Noun
tog (plural togs)
- A cloak.
- A coat.
- c. 1864, Stevens, Alfred Peck, “The Chickaleary Cove”, in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris, published 1896, page 161:
- I have a rorty gal, also a knowing pal, / And merrily together we jog on, / I doesn't care a flatch, as long as I've a tach, / Some pannum for my chest, and a tog on.
-
- A unit of thermal resistance, being ten times the temperature difference (in °C) between the two surfaces of a material when the flow of heat is equal to one watt per square metre
Derived terms
- (clothes): toggery
- (unit of thermal resistance): megatog (rare, humorously hyperbolic)
Verb
tog (third-person singular simple present togs, present participle togging, simple past and past participle togged)
- (transitive) To dress (often with up or out).
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 7, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- “[…] if you call my duds a ‘livery’ again there'll be trouble. It's bad enough to go around togged out like a life saver on a drill day, but I can stand that 'cause I'm paid for it. […]”
-
Adverb
tog (not comparable)
- (knitting) Abbreviation of together.
- 2012, Kay Meadors, Knitting for a Cure (page 34)
- Row 1 (Right side): Slip 1, K1, K2 tog, YO, K 10, (K2 tog, YO) twice, K3.
- 2012, Kay Meadors, Knitting for a Cure (page 34)
Anagrams
- -got-, GOT, GTO, GoT, OTG, TGO, got
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *tāga, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tég-os,[1] from *(s)teg- (“to cover”). Compare Latin tegō (“to cover”), Greek τέγος (tégos, “roof”), Old Irish tech (“house”), and others.
Noun
tog f (indefinite plural togje, definite singular togu, definite plural togjet)
- heap, pile
Declension
indefinite forms (trajta të pashquara) | definite forms (trajta të shquara) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (numri njëjës) | plural (numri shumës) | singular (numri njëjës) | plural (numri shumës) | ||
nominative (emërore) | (një) tog | (disa) togje | togu | togjet | |
accusative (kallëzore) | (një) tog | (disa) togje | togun | togjet | |
genitive (gjinore) (i/e/të/së) | (një) togu | (disa) togjeve | togut | togjevet | |
dative (dhanore) | (një) togu | (disa) togjeve | togut | togjevet | |
ablative (rrjedhore) (prej) | (një) togu | (disa) togjesh | togut | togjevet |
Derived terms
- toger
References
- Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 148
Danish
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Middle Low German toge, toch, from Old Saxon *tugi, from Proto-Germanic *tugiz. Cognate with Dutch teug, German Zug, Old English tyge. The sense "train" is derived from German Zug.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɔː(ˀ)ɣ/, [ˈtˢɔˀw], [ˈtˢɔw]
- Homophone: tåg
Noun
tog n (singular definite toget, plural indefinite tog or toge)
- train
- expedition
Inflection
neuter gender | Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | tog | toget | tog toge | togene |
genitive | togs | togets | togs toges | togenes |
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /toːˀ/, [ˈtˢoˀ]
Verb
tog
- past tense of tage
Dutch
Adverb
tog
- Misspelling of toch.
- Hij kwam tog? ― He came, didn't he?
Faroese
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʰoː/
Noun
tog n (genitive singular togs, plural tog)
- (hemp) rope
- long hair of a sheep skin
Declension
Declension of tog | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | tog | togið | tog | togini |
accusative | tog | togið | tog | togini |
dative | tog, togi | tognum | togum | togunum |
genitive | togs | togsins | toga | toganna |
Icelandic
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʰɔːɣ/
- Rhymes: -ɔːɣ
Noun
tog n (genitive singular togs, nominative plural tog)
- the act of pulling
- rope
Declension
n-s | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | tog | togið | tog | togin |
accusative | tog | togið | tog | togin |
dative | togi | toginu | togum | togunum |
genitive | togs | togsins | toga | toganna |
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Borrowed from German Zug (sense 1), and German Low German tog, toch (sense 2).
Noun
tog n (definite singular toget, indefinite plural tog, definite plural toga or togene)
- (rail transport) a train (line of connected cars or carriages, often hauled by a locomotive)
- a procession or parade
- 17. mai-toget ― the 17th of May parade
Derived terms
|
|
|
References
- “tog” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German tuch (“fare, pulling”) (genitive toges). In the sense of a train, it is a semantic borrow from German Zug.
Noun
tog n (definite singular toget, indefinite plural tog, definite plural toga)
- (rail transport) a train (as above)
- a procession or parade
Derived terms
- ekspresstog
- felttog
- fjerntog
- godstog
- lokaltog
- nattog
- passasjertog
- persontog
- regiontog
- togekspeditør
- togførar
- togsett
- togtid
- togtur
- vogntog
Etymology 2
From earlier and Old Norse tog, from Proto-Germanic *taugō.
Noun
tog n (definite singular toget, indefinite plural tog, definite plural toga)
- (pre-2012) alternative form of tau
- (pre-1938) alternative form of tau
Inflection
Historical inflection of tog
Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. |
References
- “tog” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
- got
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- toga
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtoɣ/
Verb
tog
- second-person singular imperative of do·goa
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
tog | thog | tog pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old Norse
Etymology
Possibly from an older Proto-Germanic *tugą. Related to the verb toga.
Noun
tog n
- rope, line, cord
Declension
neuter | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | tog | togit | tog | togin |
accusative | tog | togit | tog | togin |
dative | togi | toginu | togum | togunum |
genitive | togs | togsins | toga | toganna |
Descendants
- Icelandic: tog
- Faroese: tog
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tau, tog
- Norwegian: (dialectal) taug, tøg, tug
- Norwegian Bokmål: tau
- Old Swedish: tugh, togh
- Swedish: tåg
- Old Danish: tow
- Danish: tov
References
- “tog”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɔk/
- Rhymes: -ɔk
- Syllabification: tog
- Homophone: tok
Noun
tog f
- genitive plural of toga
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Middle Irish tócbáil, verbal noun of do·fócaib (“lifts up, raises; takes, takes up; brings; takes away, lifts off, removes; raises, sets up (of stones, buildings, etc.); exalts, uplifts, elevates, extols; rears, brings up, fosters; exacts, levies, raises (a tribute or tax); awakens, rouses, excites”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʰok/
Verb
tog (past thog, future togaidh, verbal noun togail, past participle togta)
- lift, raise, rear, haul, pick up, hoist
- build, erect
- brew, distil
- carry
- take away
- excite, stir, cheer up, rouse
- exact (as tribute)
- rear, educate, rear, bring up (a child)
- hoist, weigh
- extol
- (agriculture) make sheaves of corn
Derived terms
- dian-thograch (“ambitious”)
- togarrach (“desirous, keen, wishful; inviting, enticing, alluring; stimulating”)
- tog dealbh (“photograph”) (verb)
- tog fianais (“demonstrate”)
References
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “do·fócaib”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “tócbáil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Edward Dwelly (1911), “tog”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *tǫgъ. Cognate with Czech tuhý.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tóːk/
Adjective
tọ̑g (comparative bȍlj tọ̑g, superlative nȁjbolj tọ̑g)
- rigid, stiff
Inflection
Hard | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nom. sing. | tóg | tóga | tógo |
singular | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | tóg ind tógi def | tóga | tógo |
genitive | tógega | tóge | tógega |
dative | tógemu | tógi | tógemu |
accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim | tógo | tógo |
locative | tógem | tógi | tógem |
instrumental | tógim | tógo | tógim |
dual | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | tóga | tógi | tógi |
genitive | tógih | tógih | tógih |
dative | tógima | tógima | tógima |
accusative | tóga | tógi | tógi |
locative | tógih | tógih | tógih |
instrumental | tógima | tógima | tógima |
plural | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | tógi | tóge | tóga |
genitive | tógih | tógih | tógih |
dative | tógim | tógim | tógim |
accusative | tóge | tóge | tóga |
locative | tógih | tógih | tógih |
instrumental | tógimi | tógimi | tógimi |
Further reading
- “tog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tuːɡ/
Verb
tog
- past tense of ta.
- past tense of taga.
Anagrams
- got.