tm
See also: TM, Tm, .tm, t/m, and ™
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tɛm/
- Conventional anglicization: tem
Verb
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2-lit.
- (intransitive) to be complete
- (transitive) to complete, to finish
- (catenative, with a verb in the negatival complement) to not do, to not be
Inflection
Conjugation of tm (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: tm, geminated stem: tmm
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
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infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
tm | tmw, tm | tmt | tm, j.tm | tm, j.tm |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
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stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
tm | ḥr tm | m tm | r tm |
suffix conjugation | |||||
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aspect / mood | active | passive | contingent | ||
aspect / mood | active | passive | |||
perfect | tm.n | tmw, tm | consecutive | tm.jn | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
terminative | tmt | ||||
perfective3 | tm | active + .tj1, .tw2 | obligative | tm.ḫr | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
imperfective | tm, j.tm1 | active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||
prospective3 | tm | tmm | potentialis | tm.kꜣ | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
active + .tj1, .tw2 | |||||
subjunctive | tm, j.tm1 | active + .tj1, .tw2 |
verbal adjectives | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | ||
active | passive | active | passive | |
perfect | tm.n | active + .tj1, .tw2 | — | — |
perfective | tm | active + .tj1, .tw2 | tm | tmm, tmmj6, tm2, tmw2 5, tmy2 5 |
imperfective | j.tm1, tm, tmy, tmw5 | active + .tj1, .tw2 | j.tm1, j.tmw1 5, tm, tmj6, tmy6 | tm, tmw5 |
prospective | tm, tmtj7 | — | tmtj4, tmt4 | |
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Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tm
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tm | tm | tm | ||||||||
in the sense ‘not be, not do’ |
Derived terms
- tꜣ-tmw
Noun
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m
- everything, totality, completion
Inflection
Declension of tm (masculine)
singular | tm |
---|---|
dual | tmwj |
plural | tmw |
Derived terms
- nb-tm
Proper noun
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m
- the god Atum
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tm
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tm | jtm | tmw | jtm | |||||||||||||||||||
[Middle Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] | [New Kingdom] | [Late Period] |
Based on the forms jtm and tmw, some authors interpret the god’s name as jtmw, a noun of action derived from the verb tm (“to finish, complete”), thus literally meaning ‘the finisher’; however, the most common writings of the name only explicitly show the consonants tm.
Derived terms
- pr-tm
References
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 174, 220 page 147, 174, 220.