-tlen
See also: tlen
Hungarian
Etymology
Derived as a shortening of -telen (“-less, without”).[1] See the Usage notes section below.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tlɛn]
Suffix
-tlen (comparative -tlenebb, superlative leg- -tlenebb)
- (adjective suffix) -less, un-, dis-. A privative suffix added to a noun or an adjective to form adjectives with a meaning of lacking something.
- felhő (“cloud”) → felhőtlen (“cloudless”)
- hű (“faithful”) → hűtlen (“unfaithful”)
Usage notes
- (adjective suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -talan is added to back vowel words
- -telen is added to front vowel words
- -tlan is added to back vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
- -tlen is added to front vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -atlan is added to back vowel words
- -etlen is added to front vowel words
- Using two different suffix variants with the same stem may result in different meanings:
- gond (“care”) → gondtalan (“carefree”)
- gond (“care”) → gondatlan (“careless”)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -tlen | -tlenek |
| accusative | -tlent | -tleneket |
| dative | -tlennek | -tleneknek |
| instrumental | -tlennel | -tlenekkel |
| causal-final | -tlenért | -tlenekért |
| translative | -tlenné | -tlenekké |
| terminative | -tlenig | -tlenekig |
| essive-formal | -tlenként | -tlenekként |
| essive-modal | -tlenül | -tlenekül |
| inessive | -tlenben | -tlenekben |
| superessive | -tlenen | -tleneken |
| adessive | -tlennél | -tleneknél |
| illative | -tlenbe | -tlenekbe |
| sublative | -tlenre | -tlenekre |
| allative | -tlenhez | -tlenekhez |
| elative | -tlenből | -tlenekből |
| delative | -tlenről | -tlenekről |
| ablative | -tlentől | -tlenektől |
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Hungarian_adjectives_suffixed_with_-tlen' title='Category:Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -tlen'>Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -tlen</a>
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
References
- Zaicz, Gábor. Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN