attá
See also: atta, Atta, átta, attā, åtta, and attą̊
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- ad·tá
- atá
- at·táa
- atáa
Etymology
From ad- + ·tá, from Proto-Celtic *tāti (compare Welsh taw (“there is”)), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /atˈtaː/
Verb
at·tá (prototonic ·tá, verbal noun buith)
- to be
For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:attá.
Usage notes
This is the so-called "substantive verb", which takes an adjective (phrase), adverb (phrase) or prepositional phrase as the predicate but not a noun (phrase). When a noun or noun phrase is the predicate, the copula is is used instead.
Conjugation
Irregular
- Finite forms
| 1st sing. | 2d sing. | 3d sing. | Impersonal | |||||
| 1st pl. | 2d pl. | 3d pl. | ||||||
| Present indicative* | at·tó (progressive) bíuu (consuetudinal) | ·tó (progressive) ·bíu (consuetudinal) | at·taí, a·taí (progressive) | ·taí (progressive) ·bí (consuetudinal) | at·tá (progressive) bíid (consuetudinal); ro·bí (consuetudinal ro-form) | ·tá (progressive) ·bí (consuetudinal); ·rubai (consuetudinal ro-form) | bíthir (consuetudinal); ro·bíther (consuetudinal ro-form) | ·táthar (progressive) ·bíther (consuetudinal); ·rubther (consuetudinal ro-form) |
| fil (progressive relative) bís (consuetudinal relative) | ||||||||
| at·taam (progressive) bímmi (consuetudinal) | ·taam (progressive) ·biam (consuetudinal) | at·taïd (progressive) | ·taïd (progressive) | at·taat (progressive) bíit (consuetudinal); ro·bíat (consuetudinal ro-form) | ·taat (progressive) ·bíat (consuetudinal); ·rubat (consuetudinal ro-form) | bíther (consuetudinal relative) | ||
| bímme (consuetudinal relative) | bíte (consuetudinal relative) | |||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·bíinn | ·bíth | ·bíthe | |||||
| ·bímmis | ·bítis | |||||||
| Preterite | bá | ·bá | ·bá | boí | ·boí | bothae | ·both | |
| boíe (relative) | ||||||||
| bámmar | ·bámmar | ·baid | bátar | ·bátar | ||||
| bátar (relative) | ||||||||
| Perfect | ro·bá | ·roba | ro·bá | ro·boí | ·robae | ro·both | ·rabad | |
| ro·bámmar | ·robammar | ro·baid | ·robaid | ro·bátar | ·robatar | |||
| Future | bia | bie | bieid | ·bia | bethir | ·bether | ||
| bias (relative) | ||||||||
| beimmi | ·biam | bethe | ·bieid | bieit | ·biat | |||
| beite (relative) | ||||||||
| Conditional | ·beinn | ·biad | ||||||
| ·bemmis | ·betis | |||||||
| Present subjunctive | béo | ·béo | bee; ro·bé (ro-form) | ·bé | beid; ro·bé (ro-form) | ·bé; ·roib (ro-form) | bethir | ·bether |
| bess (relative) | ||||||||
| beimmi; ro·bem (ro-form) | ·bem; ·robam (ro-form) | beithe; ro·beid (ro-form) | ·beid; ·robith (ro-form) | beit; ro·bet (ro-form) | ·bet; ·robat (ro-form) | bether (relative) | ||
| Past subjunctive | ·beinn | ·betha | ·beth | ·bethe | ||||
| ro·beth (ro-form) | ·robad (ro-form) | |||||||
| ·bemmis | ·bethe | ·betis | ||||||
| ro·betis (ro-form) | ·roibtis (ro-form) | |||||||
| Imperative | bí | biid | ||||||
| biid | biat | |||||||
| Note: certain conjunct forms of the present progressive are formed with fil, taking an infixed object pronoun as the logical subject, e.g. ní·ḟil "it is not", ní-n·fil "we are not", ní-s·fil "they are not" etc. | ||||||||
- Verbal noun
- buith
- Verbal of necessity
- buithi
Related terms
- ad·cota
Descendants
- Irish: tá
- Manx: ta
- Scottish Gaelic: tha
References
- “attá” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.