tingkat
English
Etymology
From Malay tingkat.
Pronunciation
- (Singapore) IPA(key): /tɪŋˈkɑt/
Noun
tingkat (usually uncountable, plural tingkats)
- (Singapore, informal) tiffin container
- 2012 March 18, Eunice Quek, “Taste of home”, in The Sunday Times (LifeStyle), page 21:
- He suspected something was different with his tingkat meal one week, after tasting the dishes.
-
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay tingkat (“floor”), from Classical Malay tingkat, from Minangkabau [Term?].
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtɪŋkat]
- Hyphenation: ting‧kat
Noun
tingkat (first-person possessive tingkatku, second-person possessive tingkatmu, third-person possessive tingkatnya)
- (level of something)
- In the same position or rank; level.
- rank
- Synonym: pangkat
- class
- Synonym: kelas
- floor
- rate
- tingkat pengangguran ― unemployment rate
- Synonym: angka
Alternative forms
- tk. (abbreviation)
Derived terms
- bertingkat
- bertingkat-tingkat
- meningkat
- meningkatkan
- meningkat-ningkat
- peningkat
- peningkatan
- setingkat
- tingkatan
Further reading
- “tingkat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Etymology
Possibly from Minangkabau [Term?].
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tiŋ.kat/
- Rhymes: -ŋkat, -kat, -at
Noun
tingkat (Jawi spelling تيڠکت, plural tingkat-tingkat, informal 1st possessive tingkatku, 2nd possessive tingkatmu, 3rd possessive tingkatnya)
- floor, storey
- level
- (Singapore) Ellipsis of mangkuk tingkat (“tiffin container”)
Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- peningkatan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- tingkatan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- meningkat [agent focus] (meN-)
- meningkatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- ditingkat [patient focus] (di-)
- ditingkatkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- mempertingkat [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
- mempertingkatkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)
- dipertingkat [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)
- dipertingkatkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive] (dipeR- + -kan)
- bertingkat [stative / habitual] (beR-)
- bertingkat-tingkat [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- meningkat-ningkat
Descendants
- Indonesian: tingkat
- → English: tingkat (Singapore)
Further reading
- “tingkat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.