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单词 thwala
释义

thwala

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Verb

-thwála

  1. (transitive) to carry

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́ada.

Verb

-thwála

  1. (transitive) to carry
  2. (transitive) to wear (on the head or shoulders)

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitiveukuthwala
PositiveNegative
Infinitiveukuthwalaukungathwali
Imperative
Simple+ object concord
Singularthwala-thwale
Pluralthwalani-thwaleni
Present
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngiyathwala, ngithwalaengithwalayo, engithwalangithwalaangithwaliengingathwalingingathwali
2nd singularuyathwala, uthwalaothwalayo, othwalauthwalaawuthwaliongathwaliungathwali
1st pluralsiyathwala, sithwalaesithwalayo, esithwalasithwalaasithwaliesingathwalisingathwali
2nd pluralniyathwala, nithwalaenithwalayo, enithwalanithwalaanithwalieningathwaliningathwali
Class 1uyathwala, uthwalaothwalayo, othwalaethwalaakathwaliongathwaliengathwali
Class 2bayathwala, bathwalaabathwalayo, abathwalabethwalaabathwaliabangathwalibengathwali
Class 3uyathwala, uthwalaothwalayo, othwalauthwalaawuthwaliongathwaliungathwali
Class 4iyathwala, ithwalaethwalayo, ethwalaithwalaayithwaliengathwaliingathwali
Class 5liyathwala, lithwalaelithwalayo, elithwalalithwalaalithwalielingathwalilingathwali
Class 6ayathwala, athwalaathwalayo, athwalaethwalaawathwaliangathwaliengathwali
Class 7siyathwala, sithwalaesithwalayo, esithwalasithwalaasithwaliesingathwalisingathwali
Class 8ziyathwala, zithwalaezithwalayo, ezithwalazithwalaazithwaliezingathwalizingathwali
Class 9iyathwala, ithwalaethwalayo, ethwalaithwalaayithwaliengathwaliingathwali
Class 10ziyathwala, zithwalaezithwalayo, ezithwalazithwalaazithwaliezingathwalizingathwali
Class 11luyathwala, luthwalaoluthwalayo, oluthwalaluthwalaaluthwaliolungathwalilungathwali
Class 14buyathwala, buthwalaobuthwalayo, obuthwalabuthwalaabuthwaliobungathwalibungathwali
Class 15kuyathwala, kuthwalaokuthwalayo, okuthwalakuthwalaakuthwaliokungathwalikungathwali
Class 17kuyathwala, kuthwalaokuthwalayo, okuthwalakuthwalaakuthwaliokungathwalikungathwali
Recent past
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngithwalile, ngithwalēengithwalile, engithwalēngithwalile, ngithwalēangithwalangaengingathwalangangingathwalanga
2nd singularuthwalile, uthwalēothwalile, othwalēuthwalile, uthwalēawuthwalangaongathwalangaungathwalanga
1st pluralsithwalile, sithwalēesithwalile, esithwalēsithwalile, sithwalēasithwalangaesingathwalangasingathwalanga
2nd pluralnithwalile, nithwalēenithwalile, enithwalēnithwalile, nithwalēanithwalangaeningathwalanganingathwalanga
Class 1uthwalile, uthwalēothwalile, othwalēethwalile, ethwalēakathwalangaongathwalangaengathwalanga
Class 2bathwalile, bathwalēabathwalile, abathwalēbethwalile, bethwalēabathwalangaabangathwalangabengathwalanga
Class 3uthwalile, uthwalēothwalile, othwalēuthwalile, uthwalēawuthwalangaongathwalangaungathwalanga
Class 4ithwalile, ithwalēethwalile, ethwalēithwalile, ithwalēayithwalangaengathwalangaingathwalanga
Class 5lithwalile, lithwalēelithwalile, elithwalēlithwalile, lithwalēalithwalangaelingathwalangalingathwalanga
Class 6athwalile, athwalēathwalile, athwalēethwalile, ethwalēawathwalangaangathwalangaengathwalanga
Class 7sithwalile, sithwalēesithwalile, esithwalēsithwalile, sithwalēasithwalangaesingathwalangasingathwalanga
Class 8zithwalile, zithwalēezithwalile, ezithwalēzithwalile, zithwalēazithwalangaezingathwalangazingathwalanga
Class 9ithwalile, ithwalēethwalile, ethwalēithwalile, ithwalēayithwalangaengathwalangaingathwalanga
Class 10zithwalile, zithwalēezithwalile, ezithwalēzithwalile, zithwalēazithwalangaezingathwalangazingathwalanga
Class 11luthwalile, luthwalēoluthwalile, oluthwalēluthwalile, luthwalēaluthwalangaolungathwalangalungathwalanga
Class 14buthwalile, buthwalēobuthwalile, obuthwalēbuthwalile, buthwalēabuthwalangaobungathwalangabungathwalanga
Class 15kuthwalile, kuthwalēokuthwalile, okuthwalēkuthwalile, kuthwalēakuthwalangaokungathwalangakungathwalanga
Class 17kuthwalile, kuthwalēokuthwalile, okuthwalēkuthwalile, kuthwalēakuthwalangaokungathwalangakungathwalanga
Remote past
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngāthwalaengāthwalangāthwalaangithwalangaengingathwalangangingathwalanga
2nd singularwāthwalaowāthwalawāthwalaawuthwalangaongathwalangaungathwalanga
1st pluralsāthwalaesāthwalasāthwalaasithwalangaesingathwalangasingathwalanga
2nd pluralnāthwalaenāthwalanāthwalaanithwalangaeningathwalanganingathwalanga
Class 1wāthwalaowāthwalaāthwalaakathwalangaongathwalangaengathwalanga
Class 2bāthwalaabāthwalabāthwalaabathwalangaabangathwalangabengathwalanga
Class 3wāthwalaowāthwalawāthwalaawuthwalangaongathwalangaungathwalanga
Class 4yāthwalaeyāthwalayāthwalaayithwalangaengathwalangaingathwalanga
Class 5lāthwalaelāthwalalāthwalaalithwalangaelingathwalangalingathwalanga
Class 6āthwalaāthwalaāthwalaawathwalangaangathwalangaengathwalanga
Class 7sāthwalaesāthwalasāthwalaasithwalangaesingathwalangasingathwalanga
Class 8zāthwalaezāthwalazāthwalaazithwalangaezingathwalangazingathwalanga
Class 9yāthwalaeyāthwalayāthwalaayithwalangaengathwalangaingathwalanga
Class 10zāthwalaezāthwalazāthwalaazithwalangaezingathwalangazingathwalanga
Class 11lwāthwalaolwāthwalalwāthwalaaluthwalangaolungathwalangalungathwalanga
Class 14bāthwalaobāthwalabāthwalaabuthwalangaobungathwalangabungathwalanga
Class 15kwāthwalaokwāthwalakwāthwalaakuthwalangaokungathwalangakungathwalanga
Class 17kwāthwalaokwāthwalakwāthwalaakuthwalangaokungathwalangakungathwalanga
Potential
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngingathwala—ngingathwalangingethwale—ngingethwale
2nd singularungathwala—ungathwalaungethwale—ungethwale
1st pluralsingathwala—singathwalasingethwale—singethwale
2nd pluralningathwala—ningathwalaningethwale—ningethwale
Class 1angathwala—engathwalaangethwale—engethwale
Class 2bangathwala—bengathwalabangethwale—bengethwale
Class 3ungathwala—ungathwalaungethwale—ungethwale
Class 4ingathwala—ingathwalaingethwale—ingethwale
Class 5lingathwala—lingathwalalingethwale—lingethwale
Class 6angathwala—engathwalaangethwale—engethwale
Class 7singathwala—singathwalasingethwale—singethwale
Class 8zingathwala—zingathwalazingethwale—zingethwale
Class 9ingathwala—ingathwalaingethwale—ingethwale
Class 10zingathwala—zingathwalazingethwale—zingethwale
Class 11lungathwala—lungathwalalungethwale—lungethwale
Class 14bungathwala—bungathwalabungethwale—bungethwale
Class 15kungathwala—kungathwalakungethwale—kungethwale
Class 17kungathwala—kungathwalakungethwale—kungethwale
Immediate future
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngizothwalaengizothwalangizothwalaangizuthwalaengingezuthwalangingezuthwala
2nd singularuzothwalaozothwalauzothwalaawuzuthwalaongezuthwalaungezuthwala
1st pluralsizothwalaesizothwalasizothwalaasizuthwalaesingezuthwalasingezuthwala
2nd pluralnizothwalaenizothwalanizothwalaanizuthwalaeningezuthwalaningezuthwala
Class 1uzothwalaozothwalaezothwalaakazuthwalaongezuthwalaengezuthwala
Class 2bazothwalaabazothwalabezothwalaabazuthwalaabangezuthwalabengezuthwala
Class 3uzothwalaozothwalauzothwalaawuzuthwalaongezuthwalaungezuthwala
Class 4izothwalaezothwalaizothwalaayizuthwalaengezuthwalaingezuthwala
Class 5lizothwalaelizothwalalizothwalaalizuthwalaelingezuthwalalingezuthwala
Class 6azothwalaazothwalaezothwalaawazuthwalaangezuthwalaengezuthwala
Class 7sizothwalaesizothwalasizothwalaasizuthwalaesingezuthwalasingezuthwala
Class 8zizothwalaezizothwalazizothwalaazizuthwalaezingezuthwalazingezuthwala
Class 9izothwalaezothwalaizothwalaayizuthwalaengezuthwalaingezuthwala
Class 10zizothwalaezizothwalazizothwalaazizuthwalaezingezuthwalazingezuthwala
Class 11luzothwalaoluzothwalaluzothwalaaluzuthwalaolungezuthwalalungezuthwala
Class 14buzothwalaobuzothwalabuzothwalaabuzuthwalaobungezuthwalabungezuthwala
Class 15kuzothwalaokuzothwalakuzothwalaakuzuthwalaokungezuthwalakungezuthwala
Class 17kuzothwalaokuzothwalakuzothwalaakuzuthwalaokungezuthwalakungezuthwala
Remote future
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngiyothwalaengiyothwalangiyothwalaangiyuthwalaengingeyuthwalangingeyuthwala
2nd singularuyothwalaoyothwalauyothwalaawuyuthwalaongeyuthwalaungeyuthwala
1st pluralsiyothwalaesiyothwalasiyothwalaasiyuthwalaesingeyuthwalasingeyuthwala
2nd pluralniyothwalaeniyothwalaniyothwalaaniyuthwalaeningeyuthwalaningeyuthwala
Class 1uyothwalaoyothwalaeyothwalaakayuthwalaongeyuthwalaengeyuthwala
Class 2bayothwalaabayothwalabeyothwalaabayuthwalaabangeyuthwalabengeyuthwala
Class 3uyothwalaoyothwalauyothwalaawuyuthwalaongeyuthwalaungeyuthwala
Class 4iyothwalaeyothwalaiyothwalaayiyuthwalaengeyuthwalaingeyuthwala
Class 5liyothwalaeliyothwalaliyothwalaaliyuthwalaelingeyuthwalalingeyuthwala
Class 6ayothwalaayothwalaeyothwalaawayuthwalaangeyuthwalaengeyuthwala
Class 7siyothwalaesiyothwalasiyothwalaasiyuthwalaesingeyuthwalasingeyuthwala
Class 8ziyothwalaeziyothwalaziyothwalaaziyuthwalaezingeyuthwalazingeyuthwala
Class 9iyothwalaeyothwalaiyothwalaayiyuthwalaengeyuthwalaingeyuthwala
Class 10ziyothwalaeziyothwalaziyothwalaaziyuthwalaezingeyuthwalazingeyuthwala
Class 11luyothwalaoluyothwalaluyothwalaaluyuthwalaolungeyuthwalalungeyuthwala
Class 14buyothwalaobuyothwalabuyothwalaabuyuthwalaobungeyuthwalabungeyuthwala
Class 15kuyothwalaokuyothwalakuyothwalaakuyuthwalaokungeyuthwalakungeyuthwala
Class 17kuyothwalaokuyothwalakuyothwalaakuyuthwalaokungeyuthwalakungeyuthwala
Present subjunctive
PositiveNegative
1st singularngithwalengingathwali
2nd singularuthwaleungathwali
1st pluralsithwalesingathwali
2nd pluralnithwaleningathwali
Class 1athwaleangathwali
Class 2bathwalebangathwali
Class 3uthwaleungathwali
Class 4ithwaleingathwali
Class 5lithwalelingathwali
Class 6athwaleangathwali
Class 7sithwalesingathwali
Class 8zithwalezingathwali
Class 9ithwaleingathwali
Class 10zithwalezingathwali
Class 11luthwalelungathwali
Class 14buthwalebungathwali
Class 15kuthwalekungathwali
Class 17kuthwalekungathwali
Past subjunctive
PositiveNegative
1st singularngathwalangangathwala, angathwala, angangathwala
2nd singularwathwalawangathwala, awathwala, awangathwala
1st pluralsathwalasangathwala, asathwala, asangathwala
2nd pluralnathwalanangathwala, anathwala, anangathwala
Class 1wathwalawangathwala, akathwala, akangathwala
Class 2bathwalabangathwala, abathwala, abangathwala
Class 3wathwalawangathwala, awathwala, awangathwala
Class 4yathwalayangathwala, ayathwala, ayangathwala
Class 5lathwalalangathwala, alathwala, alangathwala
Class 6athwalaangathwala, awathwala, awangathwala
Class 7sathwalasangathwala, asathwala, asangathwala
Class 8zathwalazangathwala, azathwala, azangathwala
Class 9yathwalayangathwala, ayathwala, ayangathwala
Class 10zathwalazangathwala, azathwala, azangathwala
Class 11lwathwalalwangathwala, alwathwala, alwangathwala
Class 14bathwalabangathwala, abathwala, abangathwala
Class 15kwathwalakwangathwala, akwathwala, akwangathwala
Class 17kwathwalakwangathwala, akwathwala, akwangathwala

References

  • C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “thwala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thwala (3.9)”
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