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单词 them
释义

them

See also: thêm

English

Alternative forms

  • dem (nonstandard)
  • em
  • 'em

Etymology

From Middle English þem, from Old Norse þeim.

Pronunciation

  • (stressed) enPR: thĕm, IPA(key): /ðɛm/
    • (stressed, NYC) IPA(key): [d̪ɛm]
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • (unstressed) enPR: thəm, IPA(key): /ðəm/
    • (unstressed, NYC) IPA(key): [d̪ʌm]
    • (unstressed, nonstandard, General American) IPA(key): /ðʌm/
  • Audio (US) unstressed, in the phrase "see them"(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛm

Pronoun

them (third-person, personal pronoun, objective case of they)

  1. (in the plural) Those ones.
    1. Used as the direct object of a verb.
      She treated them for a cold.
    2. Used as the indirect object of a verb.
      She wrote them a letter.
    3. Used as the object of a preposition.
      Give it to them.
  2. (in the singular) A single person, previously mentioned, especially if of unknown or non-binary gender.
    1. Used as the direct object of a verb.
      If a student has an inappropriate question, whatever you do, do not berate them.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Deuteronomy 17:2–5:
        If there be found among you, within any of thy gates which the Lord thy God giveth thee, man or woman, that hath wrought wickedness in the sight of the Lord thy God, […] [t]hen shalt thou bring forth that man or that woman, which have committed that wicked thing, unto thy gates, even that man or that woman, and shalt stone them with stones, till they die.
      • 2006, St. John Ambulance, First on the Scene: Student Reference Guide, →ISBN, Lesson 2, page 3:
        Place the casualty on their back with feet and legs raised—this is called the shock position. [emphasis in original] Once the casualty is positioned, cover them to preserve body heat, but do not overheat.
      • 2007, Rowling, J. K., Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, London: Bloomsbury, 2008, →ISBN, page 270:
        Someone in the crowd around the lifts called sycophantically, ‘Morning, Yaxley!’ Yaxley ignored them.
    2. Used as the indirect object of a verb.
      If one of my patients calls, please bring them their dinner.
    3. Used as the object of a preposition.
      If someone comes and asks for the ticket, just give it to them.

Usage notes

  • Regarding the use of singular them, see they.
  • their
  • theirs
  • themself
  • themselves
  • they

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

English personal pronouns
personal pronounpossessive
pronoun		possessive
determiner
subjectiveobjectivereflexive
first personsingularI
me (colloquial)		memyself
me
mysen		minemy
mine (before vowels, archaic)
me
pluralweusourselves
ourself
oursen		oursour
second personsingularstandard, formalyouyouyourself
yoursen		yours
yourn (obsolete outside dialects)		your
archaic, informalthoutheethyself
theeself
thysen		thinethy
thine (before vowels)
pluralstandardyou
ye (archaic)		youyourselvesyours
yourn (obsolete outside dialects)		your
colloquialyou all
y'all
you guys		you all
y'all
you guys		–y'all's
you guys's
your guys's (proscribed)		y'all's
your all's (nonstandard)
you guys's
your guys's (proscribed)
informal / dialectal(see list of dialectal forms at you and inflected forms in those entries)
third personsingularmasculinehehimhimself
hisself (archaic)
hissen		his
hisn (obsolete outside dialects)		his
femininesheherherself
hersen		hers
hern (obsolete outside dialects)		her
neuterit
hit		it
hit		itself
hitself		its
his (archaic)		its
his (archaic)
hits
genderlesstheythemthemself, themselvestheirstheir
genderless, nonspecific
(formal)		oneoneoneself–one's
pluraltheythem
hem, 'em		themselves
theirsen		theirs
theirn (obsolete outside dialects)		their

Determiner

them

  1. (dialectal) Those.
    • 1835, John Pendleton Kennedy, Horse Shoe Robinson: A Tale of the Tory Ascendency
      How would you like a scrummage, Andy, with them Scotchmen that stole your mother's chickens this morning?
    • 1915, C.J. Dennis, The Songs of the Sentimental Bloke, published 1916, page 13:
      The world 'as got me snouted jist a treat; / Crool Forchin's dirty left 'as smote me soul. / An' all them joys o' life I 'eld so sweet / Is up the pole.
    • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
      "I say it's a shame, Silas Linden, the way them children is treated."
    • 2005, Elmer Kelton, Sons of Texas, Tor/Forge (2005), page 111:
      " […] Them two wild horses ain't fit to ride, and I been wonderin' how I was goin' to get you out of this place before them Spanish maybe circle back and finish the job."
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:them.

Anagrams

  • MHET, meth, meth-, TEHM

Albanian

Alternative forms

  • thom
  • tham

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *θēm-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to say, instruct, announce”). Cognate with Sanskrit शास्ति (śā́sti, “to instruct, advise, command”), and Latin cēnseō (“I give an opinion, I judge, guess, reckon”). Potentially a doublet of rrëfej.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [θem]

Verb

them (first-person singular past tense thashë, participle thënë)

  1. I say

Conjugation

Standard Albanian conjugation of them (active voice)
participle
(pjesore)		thënë
gerund
(përcjellore)		duke thënë
infinitive
(paskajore)		për të thënë
singular
(njëjës)		plural
(shumës)
1st pers.
(veta e 1rë)		2nd pers.
(veta e 2të)		3rd pers.
(veta e 3të)		1st pers.
(veta e 1rë)		2nd pers.
(veta e 2të)		3rd pers.
(veta e 3të)
indicative
(dëftore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
present
(e tashme)		themthuathotëthemithonithonë
imperfect
(e pakryer)		thoshathoshethoshtethoshimthoshitthoshin
aorist (simple past)
(e kryer e thjeshtë)		thashëthethathamëthatëthanë
perfect
(e kryer)		kam thënëke thënëka thënëkemi thënëkeni thënëkanë thënë
past perfect
(më se e kryer)		kisha thënëkishe thënëkishte thënëkishim thënëkishit thënëkishin thënë
aorist II (past perfect II)
(e kryer e tejshkuar)		pata thënëpate thënëpati thënëpatëm thënëpatët thënëpatën thënë
future¹
(e ardhme)		do të themdo të thuashdo të thotëdo të themido të thonido të thonë
future perfect²
(e ardhme e përparme)		do të kem thënëdo të kesh thënëdo të ketë thënëdo të kemi thënëdo të keni thënëdo të kenë thënë
subjunctive
(lidhore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
present
(e tashme)		të themtë thuashtë thotëtë themitë thonitë thonë
imperfect
(e pakryer)		të thoshatë thoshetë thoshtetë thoshimtë thoshittë thoshin
perfect
(e kryer)		të kem thënëtë kesh thënëtë ketë thënëtë kemi thënëtë keni thënëtë kenë thënë
past perfect
(më se e kryer)		të kisha thënëtë kishe thënëtë kishte thënëtë kishim thënëtë kishit thënëtë kishin thënë
conditional¹, ²
(kushtore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
imperfect
(e pakryer)		do të thoshado të thoshedo të thoshtedo të thoshimdo të thoshitdo të thoshin
past perfect
(më se e kryer)		do të kisha thënëdo të kishe thënëdo të kishte thënëdo të kishim thënëdo të kishit thënëdo të kishin thënë
optative
(dëshirore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
present
(e tashme)		thënçathënçthëntëthënçimthënçitthënçin
perfect
(e kryer)		paça thënëpaç thënëpastë thënëpaçim thënëpaçit thënëpaçin thënë
admirative
(habitore)		unëtiai/ajonejuata/ato
present
(e tashme)		thënkamthënkethënkathënkemithënkenithënkan
imperfect
(pakryer)		thënkëshathënkëshethënkështhënkëshimthënkëshitthënkëshin
perfect
(e kryer)		paskam thënëpaske thënëpaska thënëpaskemi thënëpaskeni thënëpaskan thënë
past perfect
(më se e kryer)		paskësha thënëpaskëshe thënëpaskësh thënëpaskëshim thënëpaskëshit thënëpaskëshin thënë
imperative
(urdhërore)		—ti——ju—
present
(e tashme)		—thuaj——thoni—
¹) indicative future identical with conditional present ²) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Derived terms

  • kundërthem

Kalo Finnish Romani

Etymology

From Romani them.

Noun

them m

  1. country, state

Derived terms

  • Anglkaano them
  • botnosko them
  • daadesko them
  • Danskako them
  • Finitiko them
  • Finnosko them
  • Greekako them
  • Gruopako them
  • horttibkosko them
  • Portiko them
  • Sveediko them
  • themmeskiero
  • vildo them

References

  • “them” in Finnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.

Middle English

Pronoun

them

  1. Alternative spelling of þem (“them”)

Determiner

them

  1. Alternative spelling of þem (“the, that, this”)

Noun

them

  1. Alternative form of tem (“group”)

Verb

them

  1. Alternative form of temen (“to produce offspring”)

Romani

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit *स्थाम्य (sthāmya).

Noun

them m (plural thema)

  1. country

Descendants

  • Kalo Finnish Romani: them
  • Welsh Romani: them

References

  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*sthāmya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 794
  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “them, ~a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, OCLC 1267332830, page 156

Welsh Romani

Etymology

From Romani them.

Noun

them m (in the plural thema)

  1. land, country
  2. country (as opposed to town)
  3. earth, world

Derived terms

  • Akala Thema
  • Akava Them
  • Angitrako Them
  • Barenengo Them
  • basavo phirimasko them
  • bengesko them
  • bita them
  • Bålengo Them
  • develesko them
  • Dešnengo Them
  • džambengo them
  • Flumeriako Them
  • Gaudrako Them
  • Gaudrengo Them
  • Guruvengo Them
  • guruvesko them
  • kekengo them
  • Kialesko Them
  • Kial-Måresko Them
  • Klizinako Them
  • Kålo Them
  • Lovinako Them
  • Marikiako Them
  • Muzako Them
  • 'Måro Them
  • någo them
  • phabengo them
  • 'Pre O Them
  • rukhano them
  • Slačengo Them
  • Sutle-Måresko Them
  • Talano Them
  • talano them
  • themeskero
  • themesko
  • them kaj pračel o kham
  • Vangaresko Them
  • vaver them
  • vešlo them
  • Vålšano Them
  • Vålšenengo Them
  • Vålšitika Them
  • Xindo Them
  • xoraxano them
  • Xujimen Them
  • Xåndžvalo Them
  • Zuminako Them
  • Čoxengo Them

References

  • “them” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
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