-th

See also: th, Th, TH, 'th, th', .th, th-, and Appendix:Variations of "th"

English

Alternative forms

-t

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-θ/

Etymology 1

From Middle English -the, -th, -te, -t (abstract nominal suffix), from Old English -þ, -t, -þu, -tu, -þo, -to (“-th”, abstract nominal suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-iþō, from Proto-Indo-European *-iteh₂. Cognate with Scots -th, West Frisian -te, Dutch -te, Danish -de, Swedish -d, Icelandic -ð, -d, Gothic -𐌹𐌸𐌰 (-iþa), Latin -itās (“-ty, -ity”). See -ity, -t.

Suffix

-th

(no longer productive) Used to form nouns from verbs of action.
berth, birth, blowth, drawth, flowth, growth, sight, spilth, stealth, theft, weight
(now rare and humorous) Used to form nouns from adjectives.
breadth, chillth, coolth, dampth, dearth, depth, filth, health, height/heighth, illth, length, roomth, ruth, strength, troth, truth, sloth/slowth, warmth, wealth, width, wrath, wrength, youth/youngth

Synonyms

The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn|en|...}} or {{ant|en|...}}.

-ness
-hood
-ship
-itas
-itude
-ia
-itia
-ity
-ability
-ibility
-icity
-osity
-ous
-ose
-cy

Etymology 2

From Middle English -the, -th, -te, -t (ordinal suffix), from Old English -þa, -þe, -oþa, -oþe, derived from a Proto-Indo-European superlative suffix. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Suffix

-th

Used to form the ordinal numeral when the final term of the spelled number is not “first”, “second”, or “third”.
the 4th/Fourth of July
(mathematics) Used to form a term denoting the ordinal numeral corresponding to the value, being a natural number, of a mathematical expression.
The nth term of a geometrical progression whose first term is a and common ratio is r is given by arⁿ.

Usage notes

See -eth
When suffixing a spelled number ending on "eight", its final "t" is dropped: eighth; twenty-eighth.
In older texts, this suffix, and the other suffixes for forming ordinals, may be seen written as superscripts: 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th. This is considered old-fashioned; the current preference is to write (when not spelling the numbers), 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th.
When used to suffix a mathematical expression, a hyphen is sometimes inserted: n-th term.

Coordinate terms

-nd
-rd
-st

Translations

used to form the ordinal numeral

Arabic: (no specific suffixes are used)
Armenian: -րդ (hy) (-rd), -երորդ (-erord)
Azerbaijani: -inci, -nci, -ıncı, -üncü, -uncu
Breton: -vet (br)
Catalan: -è (ca), -èsim
Chinese:
Cantonese: 第…… (dai⁶...)
Dungan: ди ... (di ...)
Hakka: 第…… (thi...)
Mandarin: 第…… (zh) (dì...)
Min Nan: 第…… (tē...)
Wu: 第…… (di...)
Dhivehi: ވަނަ‎ (vana)
Esperanto: -a (eo)
Finnish: -s (fi)
French: -ième (fr)
Galician: -ésimo m
German: -te (for: 0, 1, 2, ..., 19, 100), -ste (for: 20, 30, 40, ..., 90, 1000)
Hebrew: ־י‎ (-i)
Hindi: -वां (-vā̃)
Ido: -esma
Indonesian: ke- (id)
Irish: -ú
Old Irish: -mad
Italian: -esimo (it), -to (4, 5, 6), -imo (7, 10)
Japanese: 第... (ja) (だい..., dai...), ...目 (ja) (...め, ...me), ...番目 (ja) (...ばんめ, ...banme)
Khmer: ទី- (km) (tii-)
Korean: 째 (ko) (-jjae), 제 (ko) (je-), ~ 번째 (ko) (~ beonjjae)
Kyrgyz: -ынчы (-ınçı), -инчи (-inçi), -унчу (-unçu), -үнчү (-ünçü), -нчы (-nçı), -нчи (-nçi), -нчу (-nçu), -нчү (-nçü)
Lao: ທີ່- (thī-)
Malay:
Jawi: ک-‎
Rumi: ke-
Malayalam: -ആം (-āṃ), -ആമത്തെ (-āmatte)
Marathi: -वा (-vā)
Middle English: -the
Occitan: -en
Persian: ـم‎ (fa) (-om)
Polish: -y (pl) m, -ty m
Portuguese: -ésimo (productive; 20, 30, 40, …, 100, 1000, 1000000, …), -eiro (pt) (1, 3, 11, 13, 21, 23, 31, 33, …), -to (4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, …), -avo (8, 18, 28, …), -imo (7, 10, 11, 20, 30, 40, …)
Russian: (various endings exist) -ый (ru) (-yj), -о́й (ru) m (-ój), -ий (ru) m (-ij)
Southern Altai: -нчы (-nčï) ,-нчи (-nči), -ынчы (-ïnčï), -инчи (-inči), -унчы (-unčï), -ӱнчи (-ünči)
Spanish: -ero (es) (1, 3, 11, 13, 21, 23, 31, 33, ...), -to (es) (4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 24, 25, 26, ...), -avo (es) (8, 18, 28, ...), -imo (7, 10, 11, 12), -ésimo (es) (20, 30, 40, 50, ... 100, ...)
Swedish: -te (sv), -de (sv)
Tajik: -ум (-um)
Thai: ที่- (th) (tîi-)
Tigrinya: -ይ (-yə) (from 1 to 10), መበል - (mäbäl -) (from 11)
Turkish: -inci, -nci (tr), -ıncı, -ncı (tr), -üncü, -uncu
Vietnamese: thứ ... (vi)
Welsh: -fed, -ed, -ydd (cy), -edd
Zazaki: -nki, -n

Etymology 3

From Middle English -eth, -th, from Old English -eþ, -aþ, -þ.

Suffix

-th

(archaic) A variant of -eth, used to form the archaic third-person singular indicative present tense of verbs.
come → cometh
have → hath
do → doth
say → saith

Anagrams

HT, h/t, ht

Albanian

Etymology

from Proto-Albanian *-ts from Proto-Indo-European *-k'-.

Suffix

-th m (-th m)

used to form diminutive suffix.

References

Middle English

Etymology 1

Originally two distinct suffixes:

Old English -þ, from Proto-West Germanic *-þu, from Proto-Germanic *-þuz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus.
Old English -þ, from Proto-West Germanic *-þi, from Proto-Germanic *-þiz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.

Alternative forms

-d, -þ, -þe
-t, -te (following fricatives)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-θ/, /-d/, /-t/

Suffix

-th

(non-productive) Forms abstract nouns denoting a state or attribute, usually from adjectives but occasionally from verbs; -th, -ness

Derived terms

Middle English terms suffixed with -th

Descendants

English: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)
Scots: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)

References

“-th(e, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Suffix

-th

Alternative form of -the (abstract nominal suffix)

Suffix

-th

Alternative form of -the (ordinal suffix)

Mohawk

Suffix

-th

forms instrumentals

References

Nora Deering; Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 417