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单词 temporal
释义

temporal

See also: temporâl

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹəl/
    • Audio (RP)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛmpəɹəl

Etymology 1

From Middle English temporal, temporel (“transitory, worldly, material, of secular society”), from Old French temporel or Latin temporālis (“of time (in grammar), temporary, relating to time as opposed to eternity”), from tempus (“time, period, opportunity”) +‎ -ālis.

Adjective

temporal (not generally comparable, comparative more temporal, superlative most temporal)

  1. (relational) Of or relating to the material world, as opposed to sacred or clerical.
    temporal power, temporal courts
    Synonyms: secular, lay, civil
    Antonyms: spiritual, ecclesiastical
    • 1945 September and October, C. Hamilton Ellis, “Royal Trains—V”, in Railway Magazine, page 252:
      The [papal] train was in use until 1871, when the Pope [Pius IX] lost his temporal power.
    • 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England, Penguin Books, page 166:
      Not long before, he had ruefully acknowledged in a letter to his pious mother that most of his appointments to the bench of bishops had been motivated by distinctly temporal impulses.
  2. (relational) Relating to time:
    1. Of limited time, transient, passing, not perpetual, as opposed to eternal.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 2 Corinthians 4:18:
        The things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal.
      1. (euphemistic) Lasting for a short time only.
    2. Of or relating to time as distinguished from space.
    3. Of or relating to the sequence of time or to a particular time.
      Synonym: chronological
    4. (grammar) Relating to or denoting time or tense.
Derived terms
  • abtemporal
  • antitemporal
  • atemporal
  • biotemporal
  • contemporal
  • cotemporal
  • extratemporal
  • geotemporal
  • hypertemporal
  • intertemporal
  • isotemporal
  • metatemporal
  • microtemporal
  • monotemporal
  • multitemporal
  • nontemporal
  • omnitemporal
  • phylotemporal
  • physiotemporal
  • pretemporal
  • pseudotemporal
  • retrotemporal
  • sociotemporal
  • spatiotemporal
  • spectrotemporal
  • supertemporal
  • supratemporal
  • temporal case
  • temporal dead zone
  • temporal distributive
  • temporal hour
  • temporalism
  • temporality
  • temporalize, temporalise
  • temporal logic
  • temporally
  • temporalness
  • temporalty
  • transtemporal
  • unitemporal
  • visuotemporal
Translations

Noun

temporal (plural temporals)

  1. (chiefly in the plural) Anything temporal or secular; a temporality.
    • 1684, John Dryden, The History of the League, translation of Histoire de la Ligue by Louis Maimbourg:
      for God's people love always to be dealing as well in temporals as spirituals
    • 1876, James Russell Lowell, “Dante”, in Among My Books: Second Series:
      He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to the emperor in temporals.

Etymology 2

Middle English, from Middle French timporal, temporal, from Late Latin temporālis, from tempora (“the temples of the head”) +‎ -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of temporalis.

Adjective

temporal (not comparable)

  1. (anatomy, relational) Of or situated in the temples of the head or the sides of the skull behind the orbits.
Derived terms
  • anterotemporal
  • auriculotemporal
  • basotemporal, basitemporal
  • bitemporal
  • centrotemporal
  • corticotemporal
  • deep temporal nerve
  • dorsotemporal
  • extratemporal
  • frontotemporal
  • inferotemporal
  • infratemporal
  • intratemporal
  • laterotemporal
  • mediotemporal
  • mesiotemporal
  • midtemporal
  • nasotemporal
  • occipitotemporal
  • ophthalmotemporal
  • orbitotemporal
  • parietotemporal
  • posttemporal
  • rostrotemporal
  • septotemporal
  • sphenotemporal
  • subtemporal
  • superotemporal
  • temporal artery
  • temporal bone
  • temporal fossa
  • temporal lobe
  • temporal muscle
  • temporalward, temporalwards
  • temporo-, tempor-
  • ventrotemporal
  • zygomaticotemporal
Translations

Noun

temporal (plural temporals)

  1. (anatomy) Ellipsis of temporal bone.
  2. (zootomy) Any of a reptile's scales on the side of the head between the parietal and supralabial scales, and behind the postocular scales.

References

  • “temporal”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  • “temporal”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
  • temporal in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temporalis.

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic) IPA(key): /təm.poˈɾal/
  • (Central) IPA(key): /təm.puˈɾal/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /tem.poˈɾal/
  • Rhymes: -al

Noun

temporal m (plural temporals)

  1. storm

Adjective

temporal (masculine and feminine plural temporals)

  1. temporary
  2. temporal

Derived terms

  • lòbul temporal
  • temporalment
  • temps

Further reading

  • “temporal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “temporal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
  • “temporal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “temporal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cimbrian

Noun

temporàl m

  1. (Luserna) thunderstorm

References

  • Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

French

Etymology

Borrowed from New Latin temporālis, from tempus (“temple”) (whence tempe).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tɑ̃.pɔ.ʁal/

Adjective

temporal (feminine temporale, masculine plural temporaux, feminine plural temporales)

  1. (anatomy) temporal
    lobe temporal ― temporal lobe

Usage notes

  • Not to be confused with temporel.

Derived terms

  • os temporal

Further reading

  • “temporal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Temporal

Etymology

13th century. Borrowed from Latin temporālis, from tempus (“time”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tɛmpoˈɾal/

Noun

temporal m (plural temporais)

  1. (weather) rainstorm
    Synonyms: ballón, invernada
  2. (weather) windstorm
    Synonym: vendaval
  3. (weather) tempest
    Synonym: tempestade

Noun

temporal m (plural temporais)

  1. (anatomy) the temporal bone

Adjective

temporal m or f (plural temporais)

  1. temporal, pertaining to time
  2. temporal, transient, as opposed to eternal
  3. temporal, pertaining to the temples of the head
  4. (grammar) of a grammatical case in Hungarian

References

  • “temporal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “temporal” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “temporal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “temporal” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “temporal” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tɛmpoˈʁaːl/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -aːl

Adjective

temporal (strong nominative masculine singular temporaler, not comparable)

  1. temporal
    Synonym: zeitlich

Declension

Positive forms of temporal (uncomparable)
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist temporalsie ist temporales ist temporalsie sind temporal
strong declension
(without article)		nominativetemporalertemporaletemporalestemporale
genitivetemporalentemporalertemporalentemporaler
dativetemporalemtemporalertemporalemtemporalen
accusativetemporalentemporaletemporalestemporale
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder temporaledie temporaledas temporaledie temporalen
genitivedes temporalender temporalendes temporalender temporalen
dativedem temporalender temporalendem temporalenden temporalen
accusativeden temporalendie temporaledas temporaledie temporalen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein temporalereine temporaleein temporales(keine) temporalen
genitiveeines temporaleneiner temporaleneines temporalen(keiner) temporalen
dativeeinem temporaleneiner temporaleneinem temporalen(keinen) temporalen
accusativeeinen temporaleneine temporaleein temporales(keine) temporalen

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin temporālis, from Latin tempus (“time”).

Adjective

temporal (neuter singular temporalt, definite singular and plural temporale)

  1. temporal (related to time)
  2. temporal (related to the temples)

Derived terms

  • temporalia
  • temporær

References

  • “temporal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
  • “temporal” in The Ordnett Dictionary

Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /tẽ.poˈɾaw/ [tẽ.poˈɾaʊ̯]
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /tẽ.puˈɾal/ [tẽ.puˈɾaɫ]

  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
  • Hyphenation: tem‧po‧ral

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin temporālis (“temporal”), from tempus (“season, time, opportunity”), from Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”).

Adjective

temporal m or f (plural temporais, not comparable)

  1. temporal (relating to time)
    Synonym: crónico
  2. secular
    Synonym: secular
  • tempão
  • temperatura
  • tempestade
  • tempestivo
  • tempestuoso
  • tempo
  • temporada
  • temporalidade
  • temporão
  • temporário
  • temporização
  • temporizar

Etymology 2

From tempo (“weather”).

Noun

temporal m (plural temporais)

  1. downpour; heavy rain
    Synonyms: tempestade, vendaval

Etymology 3

From têmpora (“temple of the head”).

Noun

temporal m (plural temporais)

  1. temporal bone
Hypernyms
  • osso
Holonyms
  • crânio
Coordinate terms
  • occipital, parietal, frontal, esfenoide, etmoide

Romanian

Etymology

From French temporel.

Adjective

temporal m or n (feminine singular temporală, masculine plural temporali, feminine and neuter plural temporale)

  1. temporal (bone)

Declension
Declension of temporal
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite temporal temporală temporali temporale
definite temporalul temporala temporalii temporalele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite temporal temporale temporali temporale
definite temporalului temporalei temporalilor temporalelor

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin temporālis.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tempoˈɾal/ [t̪ẽm.poˈɾal]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: tem‧po‧ral

Adjective

temporal (plural temporales)

  1. temporal (of or relating to time)
  2. temporary
    Synonym: temporario
  3. (anatomy) temporal (of the temples of the head)

Derived terms

  • espaciotemporal
  • horquilla temporal
  • hueso temporal
  • infratemporal
  • lóbulo temporal
  • temporalmente
  • temporalidad

Noun

temporal m (plural temporales)

  1. storm
    Synonyms: tempestad, vendaval

Derived terms

  • capear el temporal

Further reading

  • “temporal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
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