teadma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *teetädäk, probably derived from Proto-Finnic *tee (“road, way”) (modern Estonian tee). In this case the verb seems to have originally meant ’to know the way’. Cognates include Võro tiidmä, Livonian tied, Votic täätä; Finnish tietää, Ingrian tiitää, Livvi tiediä, Ludian tieta, Veps teta.
The standard language stem tead- originates from dialects, where the long vowel has diphthongized, which results in this word instead of the expected *teedma. Alternatively, the strong grade stem results from analogy with verb forms formed from weak grade (mostly present tense, *teedät > *teeat > tead "you know").
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈteɑ̯d̥mɑ/, [ˈteɑ̯d̥mɑ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -eɑdmɑ
- Hyphenation: tead‧ma
Verb
teadma (da-infinitive teada)
- (transitive + partitive case) to know (to have information, knowledge about something, to be aware of something)
- (transitive + partitive case) to know (to be acquainted or familiar with)
- Synonym: tundma
Conjugation
Inflection of teadma (ÕS type 34/saatma, d-ø gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | tean | ei tea | 1st sing. | olen teadnud | ei ole teadnud pole teadnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tead | 2nd sing. | oled teadnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | teab | 3rd sing. | on teadnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | teame | 1st plur. | oleme teadnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | teate | 2nd plur. | olete teadnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | teavad | 3rd plur. | on teadnud | ||||||
| passive | teatakse | ei teata | passive | on teatud | ei ole teatud pole teatud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | teadsin | ei teadnud | 1st sing. | olin teadnud | ei olnud teadnud polnud teadnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | teadsid | 2nd sing. | olid teadnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | teadis | 3rd sing. | oli teadnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | teadsime | 1st plur. | olime teadnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | teadsite | 2nd plur. | olite teadnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | teadsid | 3rd plur. | oli teadnud | ||||||
| passive | teati | ei teatud | passive | oli teatud | ei olnud teatud polnud teatud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | teaksin | ei teaks | 1st sing. | teadnuksin oleksin teadnud | ei oleks teadnud poleks teadnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | teaksid | 2nd sing. | teadnuksid oleksid teadnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | teaks | 3rd sing. | teadnuks oleks teadnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | teaksime | 1st plur. | teadnuksime oleksime teadnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | teaksite | 2nd plur. | teadnuksite oleksite teadnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | teaksid | 3rd plur. | teadnuksid oleksid teadnud | ||||||
| passive | teataks | ei teataks | passive | teatuks oleks teatud | ei oleks teatud poleks teatud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tea | ära tea | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||
| 3rd sing. | teadku | ärgu teadku | 3rd sing. | olgu teadnud | ärgu olgu teadnud | ||||
| 1st plur. | teadkem | ärme teame ärme tea ärgem teadkem | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd plur. | teadke | ärge teadke | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||
| 3rd plur. | teadku | ärgu teadku | 3rd plur. | olgu teadnud | ärgu olgu teadnud | ||||
| passive | teatagu | ärgu teatagu | passive | olgu teatud | ärgu olgu teatud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | teadvat | ei teadvat | active | olevat teadnud | ei olevat teadnud polevat teadnud | ||||
| passive | teatavat | ei teatavat | passive | olevat teatud | ei olevat teatud polevat teatud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | teadma | teatama | nominative | teada | olla teadnud | ||||
| inessive | teadmas | — | inessive | teades | olles teadnud | ||||
| elative | teadmast | — | participle | active | passive | ||||
| translative | teadmaks | — | present | teadev | teatav | ||||
| abessive | teadmata | — | past | teadnud | teatud | ||||
Derived terms
adjectives
- teadev
- teadja
- teadlane
- teadlane
- teadlik
- teadmatu
adverbs
- teadagi
- teadavalt
- teadu
- teatavasti
nouns
- teade
- teadis
- teadistu
- teadja
- teadlane
- teadmine
- teadmus
- teadur
- teadus
- teadvus
- teave
verbs
- teadustama
- teatama
phrases and phrasal verbs
- ei tea mis
- ette teadma
- jumal teab
- kurat teab
- mine tea
- teada andma
- teada olema
- teada saama
Compounds
- omateada
- üldteada
- teadmahimu
- teadmajanu
- teadmamees
- teadmanaine
- teadupoolest
- teadupärast
- iseteadev
- iseteadlik
- kõigeteadja
- kõiketeadev
- paljuteadev
- paljuteadja
References
- teadma in Sõnaveeb
- teadma in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat