tatazela
Zulu
Etymology
From the ideophone tatata.
Verb
-tatazela
- (intransitive) to panic
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukutatazela | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukutatazela | ukungatatazeli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | tatazela | -tatazele | |||||||
Plural | tatazelani | -tatazeleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyatatazela, ngitatazela | engitatazelayo, engitatazela | ngitatazela | angitatazeli | engingatatazeli | ngingatatazeli | |||
2nd singular | uyatatazela, utatazela | otatazelayo, otatazela | utatazela | awutatazeli | ongatatazeli | ungatatazeli | |||
1st plural | siyatatazela, sitatazela | esitatazelayo, esitatazela | sitatazela | asitatazeli | esingatatazeli | singatatazeli | |||
2nd plural | niyatatazela, nitatazela | enitatazelayo, enitatazela | nitatazela | anitatazeli | eningatatazeli | ningatatazeli | |||
Class 1 | uyatatazela, utatazela | otatazelayo, otatazela | etatazela | akatatazeli | ongatatazeli | engatatazeli | |||
Class 2 | bayatatazela, batatazela | abatatazelayo, abatatazela | betatazela | abatatazeli | abangatatazeli | bengatatazeli | |||
Class 3 | uyatatazela, utatazela | otatazelayo, otatazela | utatazela | awutatazeli | ongatatazeli | ungatatazeli | |||
Class 4 | iyatatazela, itatazela | etatazelayo, etatazela | itatazela | ayitatazeli | engatatazeli | ingatatazeli | |||
Class 5 | liyatatazela, litatazela | elitatazelayo, elitatazela | litatazela | alitatazeli | elingatatazeli | lingatatazeli | |||
Class 6 | ayatatazela, atatazela | atatazelayo, atatazela | etatazela | awatatazeli | angatatazeli | engatatazeli | |||
Class 7 | siyatatazela, sitatazela | esitatazelayo, esitatazela | sitatazela | asitatazeli | esingatatazeli | singatatazeli | |||
Class 8 | ziyatatazela, zitatazela | ezitatazelayo, ezitatazela | zitatazela | azitatazeli | ezingatatazeli | zingatatazeli | |||
Class 9 | iyatatazela, itatazela | etatazelayo, etatazela | itatazela | ayitatazeli | engatatazeli | ingatatazeli | |||
Class 10 | ziyatatazela, zitatazela | ezitatazelayo, ezitatazela | zitatazela | azitatazeli | ezingatatazeli | zingatatazeli | |||
Class 11 | luyatatazela, lutatazela | olutatazelayo, olutatazela | lutatazela | alutatazeli | olungatatazeli | lungatatazeli | |||
Class 14 | buyatatazela, butatazela | obutatazelayo, obutatazela | butatazela | abutatazeli | obungatatazeli | bungatatazeli | |||
Class 15 | kuyatatazela, kutatazela | okutatazelayo, okutatazela | kutatazela | akutatazeli | okungatatazeli | kungatatazeli | |||
Class 17 | kuyatatazela, kutatazela | okutatazelayo, okutatazela | kutatazela | akutatazeli | okungatatazeli | kungatatazeli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngitatazelile, ngitatazelē | engitatazelile, engitatazelē | ngitatazelile, ngitatazelē | angitatazelanga | engingatatazelanga | ngingatatazelanga | |||
2nd singular | utatazelile, utatazelē | otatazelile, otatazelē | utatazelile, utatazelē | awutatazelanga | ongatatazelanga | ungatatazelanga | |||
1st plural | sitatazelile, sitatazelē | esitatazelile, esitatazelē | sitatazelile, sitatazelē | asitatazelanga | esingatatazelanga | singatatazelanga | |||
2nd plural | nitatazelile, nitatazelē | enitatazelile, enitatazelē | nitatazelile, nitatazelē | anitatazelanga | eningatatazelanga | ningatatazelanga | |||
Class 1 | utatazelile, utatazelē | otatazelile, otatazelē | etatazelile, etatazelē | akatatazelanga | ongatatazelanga | engatatazelanga | |||
Class 2 | batatazelile, batatazelē | abatatazelile, abatatazelē | betatazelile, betatazelē | abatatazelanga | abangatatazelanga | bengatatazelanga | |||
Class 3 | utatazelile, utatazelē | otatazelile, otatazelē | utatazelile, utatazelē | awutatazelanga | ongatatazelanga | ungatatazelanga | |||
Class 4 | itatazelile, itatazelē | etatazelile, etatazelē | itatazelile, itatazelē | ayitatazelanga | engatatazelanga | ingatatazelanga | |||
Class 5 | litatazelile, litatazelē | elitatazelile, elitatazelē | litatazelile, litatazelē | alitatazelanga | elingatatazelanga | lingatatazelanga | |||
Class 6 | atatazelile, atatazelē | atatazelile, atatazelē | etatazelile, etatazelē | awatatazelanga | angatatazelanga | engatatazelanga | |||
Class 7 | sitatazelile, sitatazelē | esitatazelile, esitatazelē | sitatazelile, sitatazelē | asitatazelanga | esingatatazelanga | singatatazelanga | |||
Class 8 | zitatazelile, zitatazelē | ezitatazelile, ezitatazelē | zitatazelile, zitatazelē | azitatazelanga | ezingatatazelanga | zingatatazelanga | |||
Class 9 | itatazelile, itatazelē | etatazelile, etatazelē | itatazelile, itatazelē | ayitatazelanga | engatatazelanga | ingatatazelanga | |||
Class 10 | zitatazelile, zitatazelē | ezitatazelile, ezitatazelē | zitatazelile, zitatazelē | azitatazelanga | ezingatatazelanga | zingatatazelanga | |||
Class 11 | lutatazelile, lutatazelē | olutatazelile, olutatazelē | lutatazelile, lutatazelē | alutatazelanga | olungatatazelanga | lungatatazelanga | |||
Class 14 | butatazelile, butatazelē | obutatazelile, obutatazelē | butatazelile, butatazelē | abutatazelanga | obungatatazelanga | bungatatazelanga | |||
Class 15 | kutatazelile, kutatazelē | okutatazelile, okutatazelē | kutatazelile, kutatazelē | akutatazelanga | okungatatazelanga | kungatatazelanga | |||
Class 17 | kutatazelile, kutatazelē | okutatazelile, okutatazelē | kutatazelile, kutatazelē | akutatazelanga | okungatatazelanga | kungatatazelanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngātatazela | engātatazela | ngātatazela | angitatazelanga | engingatatazelanga | ngingatatazelanga | |||
2nd singular | wātatazela | owātatazela | wātatazela | awutatazelanga | ongatatazelanga | ungatatazelanga | |||
1st plural | sātatazela | esātatazela | sātatazela | asitatazelanga | esingatatazelanga | singatatazelanga | |||
2nd plural | nātatazela | enātatazela | nātatazela | anitatazelanga | eningatatazelanga | ningatatazelanga | |||
Class 1 | wātatazela | owātatazela | ātatazela | akatatazelanga | ongatatazelanga | engatatazelanga | |||
Class 2 | bātatazela | abātatazela | bātatazela | abatatazelanga | abangatatazelanga | bengatatazelanga | |||
Class 3 | wātatazela | owātatazela | wātatazela | awutatazelanga | ongatatazelanga | ungatatazelanga | |||
Class 4 | yātatazela | eyātatazela | yātatazela | ayitatazelanga | engatatazelanga | ingatatazelanga | |||
Class 5 | lātatazela | elātatazela | lātatazela | alitatazelanga | elingatatazelanga | lingatatazelanga | |||
Class 6 | ātatazela | ātatazela | ātatazela | awatatazelanga | angatatazelanga | engatatazelanga | |||
Class 7 | sātatazela | esātatazela | sātatazela | asitatazelanga | esingatatazelanga | singatatazelanga | |||
Class 8 | zātatazela | ezātatazela | zātatazela | azitatazelanga | ezingatatazelanga | zingatatazelanga | |||
Class 9 | yātatazela | eyātatazela | yātatazela | ayitatazelanga | engatatazelanga | ingatatazelanga | |||
Class 10 | zātatazela | ezātatazela | zātatazela | azitatazelanga | ezingatatazelanga | zingatatazelanga | |||
Class 11 | lwātatazela | olwātatazela | lwātatazela | alutatazelanga | olungatatazelanga | lungatatazelanga | |||
Class 14 | bātatazela | obātatazela | bātatazela | abutatazelanga | obungatatazelanga | bungatatazelanga | |||
Class 15 | kwātatazela | okwātatazela | kwātatazela | akutatazelanga | okungatatazelanga | kungatatazelanga | |||
Class 17 | kwātatazela | okwātatazela | kwātatazela | akutatazelanga | okungatatazelanga | kungatatazelanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingatatazela | — | ngingatatazela | ngingetatazele | — | ngingetatazele | |||
2nd singular | ungatatazela | — | ungatatazela | ungetatazele | — | ungetatazele | |||
1st plural | singatatazela | — | singatatazela | singetatazele | — | singetatazele | |||
2nd plural | ningatatazela | — | ningatatazela | ningetatazele | — | ningetatazele | |||
Class 1 | angatatazela | — | engatatazela | angetatazele | — | engetatazele | |||
Class 2 | bangatatazela | — | bengatatazela | bangetatazele | — | bengetatazele | |||
Class 3 | ungatatazela | — | ungatatazela | ungetatazele | — | ungetatazele | |||
Class 4 | ingatatazela | — | ingatatazela | ingetatazele | — | ingetatazele | |||
Class 5 | lingatatazela | — | lingatatazela | lingetatazele | — | lingetatazele | |||
Class 6 | angatatazela | — | engatatazela | angetatazele | — | engetatazele | |||
Class 7 | singatatazela | — | singatatazela | singetatazele | — | singetatazele | |||
Class 8 | zingatatazela | — | zingatatazela | zingetatazele | — | zingetatazele | |||
Class 9 | ingatatazela | — | ingatatazela | ingetatazele | — | ingetatazele | |||
Class 10 | zingatatazela | — | zingatatazela | zingetatazele | — | zingetatazele | |||
Class 11 | lungatatazela | — | lungatatazela | lungetatazele | — | lungetatazele | |||
Class 14 | bungatatazela | — | bungatatazela | bungetatazele | — | bungetatazele | |||
Class 15 | kungatatazela | — | kungatatazela | kungetatazele | — | kungetatazele | |||
Class 17 | kungatatazela | — | kungatatazela | kungetatazele | — | kungetatazele | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizotatazela | engizotatazela | ngizotatazela | angizutatazela | engingezutatazela | ngingezutatazela | |||
2nd singular | uzotatazela | ozotatazela | uzotatazela | awuzutatazela | ongezutatazela | ungezutatazela | |||
1st plural | sizotatazela | esizotatazela | sizotatazela | asizutatazela | esingezutatazela | singezutatazela | |||
2nd plural | nizotatazela | enizotatazela | nizotatazela | anizutatazela | eningezutatazela | ningezutatazela | |||
Class 1 | uzotatazela | ozotatazela | ezotatazela | akazutatazela | ongezutatazela | engezutatazela | |||
Class 2 | bazotatazela | abazotatazela | bezotatazela | abazutatazela | abangezutatazela | bengezutatazela | |||
Class 3 | uzotatazela | ozotatazela | uzotatazela | awuzutatazela | ongezutatazela | ungezutatazela | |||
Class 4 | izotatazela | ezotatazela | izotatazela | ayizutatazela | engezutatazela | ingezutatazela | |||
Class 5 | lizotatazela | elizotatazela | lizotatazela | alizutatazela | elingezutatazela | lingezutatazela | |||
Class 6 | azotatazela | azotatazela | ezotatazela | awazutatazela | angezutatazela | engezutatazela | |||
Class 7 | sizotatazela | esizotatazela | sizotatazela | asizutatazela | esingezutatazela | singezutatazela | |||
Class 8 | zizotatazela | ezizotatazela | zizotatazela | azizutatazela | ezingezutatazela | zingezutatazela | |||
Class 9 | izotatazela | ezotatazela | izotatazela | ayizutatazela | engezutatazela | ingezutatazela | |||
Class 10 | zizotatazela | ezizotatazela | zizotatazela | azizutatazela | ezingezutatazela | zingezutatazela | |||
Class 11 | luzotatazela | oluzotatazela | luzotatazela | aluzutatazela | olungezutatazela | lungezutatazela | |||
Class 14 | buzotatazela | obuzotatazela | buzotatazela | abuzutatazela | obungezutatazela | bungezutatazela | |||
Class 15 | kuzotatazela | okuzotatazela | kuzotatazela | akuzutatazela | okungezutatazela | kungezutatazela | |||
Class 17 | kuzotatazela | okuzotatazela | kuzotatazela | akuzutatazela | okungezutatazela | kungezutatazela | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyotatazela | engiyotatazela | ngiyotatazela | angiyutatazela | engingeyutatazela | ngingeyutatazela | |||
2nd singular | uyotatazela | oyotatazela | uyotatazela | awuyutatazela | ongeyutatazela | ungeyutatazela | |||
1st plural | siyotatazela | esiyotatazela | siyotatazela | asiyutatazela | esingeyutatazela | singeyutatazela | |||
2nd plural | niyotatazela | eniyotatazela | niyotatazela | aniyutatazela | eningeyutatazela | ningeyutatazela | |||
Class 1 | uyotatazela | oyotatazela | eyotatazela | akayutatazela | ongeyutatazela | engeyutatazela | |||
Class 2 | bayotatazela | abayotatazela | beyotatazela | abayutatazela | abangeyutatazela | bengeyutatazela | |||
Class 3 | uyotatazela | oyotatazela | uyotatazela | awuyutatazela | ongeyutatazela | ungeyutatazela | |||
Class 4 | iyotatazela | eyotatazela | iyotatazela | ayiyutatazela | engeyutatazela | ingeyutatazela | |||
Class 5 | liyotatazela | eliyotatazela | liyotatazela | aliyutatazela | elingeyutatazela | lingeyutatazela | |||
Class 6 | ayotatazela | ayotatazela | eyotatazela | awayutatazela | angeyutatazela | engeyutatazela | |||
Class 7 | siyotatazela | esiyotatazela | siyotatazela | asiyutatazela | esingeyutatazela | singeyutatazela | |||
Class 8 | ziyotatazela | eziyotatazela | ziyotatazela | aziyutatazela | ezingeyutatazela | zingeyutatazela | |||
Class 9 | iyotatazela | eyotatazela | iyotatazela | ayiyutatazela | engeyutatazela | ingeyutatazela | |||
Class 10 | ziyotatazela | eziyotatazela | ziyotatazela | aziyutatazela | ezingeyutatazela | zingeyutatazela | |||
Class 11 | luyotatazela | oluyotatazela | luyotatazela | aluyutatazela | olungeyutatazela | lungeyutatazela | |||
Class 14 | buyotatazela | obuyotatazela | buyotatazela | abuyutatazela | obungeyutatazela | bungeyutatazela | |||
Class 15 | kuyotatazela | okuyotatazela | kuyotatazela | akuyutatazela | okungeyutatazela | kungeyutatazela | |||
Class 17 | kuyotatazela | okuyotatazela | kuyotatazela | akuyutatazela | okungeyutatazela | kungeyutatazela | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngitatazele | ngingatatazeli | |||||||
2nd singular | utatazele | ungatatazeli | |||||||
1st plural | sitatazele | singatatazeli | |||||||
2nd plural | nitatazele | ningatatazeli | |||||||
Class 1 | atatazele | angatatazeli | |||||||
Class 2 | batatazele | bangatatazeli | |||||||
Class 3 | utatazele | ungatatazeli | |||||||
Class 4 | itatazele | ingatatazeli | |||||||
Class 5 | litatazele | lingatatazeli | |||||||
Class 6 | atatazele | angatatazeli | |||||||
Class 7 | sitatazele | singatatazeli | |||||||
Class 8 | zitatazele | zingatatazeli | |||||||
Class 9 | itatazele | ingatatazeli | |||||||
Class 10 | zitatazele | zingatatazeli | |||||||
Class 11 | lutatazele | lungatatazeli | |||||||
Class 14 | butatazele | bungatatazeli | |||||||
Class 15 | kutatazele | kungatatazeli | |||||||
Class 17 | kutatazele | kungatatazeli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngatatazela | ngangatatazela, angatatazela, angangatatazela | |||||||
2nd singular | watatazela | wangatatazela, awatatazela, awangatatazela | |||||||
1st plural | satatazela | sangatatazela, asatatazela, asangatatazela | |||||||
2nd plural | natatazela | nangatatazela, anatatazela, anangatatazela | |||||||
Class 1 | watatazela | wangatatazela, akatatazela, akangatatazela | |||||||
Class 2 | batatazela | bangatatazela, abatatazela, abangatatazela | |||||||
Class 3 | watatazela | wangatatazela, awatatazela, awangatatazela | |||||||
Class 4 | yatatazela | yangatatazela, ayatatazela, ayangatatazela | |||||||
Class 5 | latatazela | langatatazela, alatatazela, alangatatazela | |||||||
Class 6 | atatazela | angatatazela, awatatazela, awangatatazela | |||||||
Class 7 | satatazela | sangatatazela, asatatazela, asangatatazela | |||||||
Class 8 | zatatazela | zangatatazela, azatatazela, azangatatazela | |||||||
Class 9 | yatatazela | yangatatazela, ayatatazela, ayangatatazela | |||||||
Class 10 | zatatazela | zangatatazela, azatatazela, azangatatazela | |||||||
Class 11 | lwatatazela | lwangatatazela, alwatatazela, alwangatatazela | |||||||
Class 14 | batatazela | bangatatazela, abatatazela, abangatatazela | |||||||
Class 15 | kwatatazela | kwangatatazela, akwatatazela, akwangatatazela | |||||||
Class 17 | kwatatazela | kwangatatazela, akwatatazela, akwangatatazela |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “tatazela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “tatazela (3.3.2.9)”