tarfu
Welsh
Etymology
Perhaps[1] from the same root as Ancient Greek τάρβος (tárbos, “terror; awe”), Latin torvus (“grim, fierce”), and Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten, frighten”).
Verb
tarfu (first-person singular present tarfaf)
- to frighten, to scare off
- to disrupt, to disturb
- 2022 February 21, “'Teimlo fel bod llai o werth' ar blant ag anghenion dysgu”, in BBC Cymru Fyw:
- Mae Aliou, sy'n naw oed ac yn mynychu ysgol arbennig ger Castell-nedd, yn dal i wynebu tarfu mawr ar ei addysg.
- Aliou, who is nine years old and attends a special school near Neath, still faces great disruption to his education.
Conjugation
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | tarfa i, tarfaf i | tarfi di | tarfith o/e/hi, tarfiff e/hi | tarfwn ni | tarfwch chi | tarfan nhw |
| conditional | tarfwn i, tarfswn i | tarfet ti, tarfset ti | tarfai fo/fe/hi, tarfsai fo/fe/hi | tarfen ni, tarfsen ni | tarfech chi, tarfsech chi | tarfen nhw, tarfsen nhw |
| preterite | tarfais i, tarfes i | tarfaist ti, tarfest ti | tarfodd o/e/hi | tarfon ni | tarfoch chi | tarfon nhw |
| imperative | — | tarfa | — | — | tarfwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- tarfu ar (“to disturb”)
- tarfiad (“disturbance, interruption”)
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tarfu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies