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单词 tar
释义

tar

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tar"

English

WOTD – 22 May 2007

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /tɑː/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /tɑɹ/, [tʰɑɻ], [tʰɑɹ]
    • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (AU)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

Etymology 1

From Middle English ter, terr, tarr, from Old English teoru, from Proto-West Germanic *teru, from Proto-Germanic *terwą (compare Saterland Frisian Taar, West Frisian tarre, tar, Dutch teer, German Teer), from Proto-Indo-European *derwo- (compare Welsh derw (“oaks”), Lithuanian dervà (“pinewood, resin”), Russian де́рево (dérevo, “tree”), Bulgarian дърво́ (dǎrvó, “tree”)), from *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

Noun

tar (countable and uncountable, plural tars)

  1. (usually uncountable) A black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.
  2. Coal tar.
  3. (uncountable) A solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.
  4. (slang, dated) A sailor, because of the traditional tarpaulin clothes.
    Synonym: Jack Tar
    • 1915, W. McMann, “Our Picture Show”, in Western Evening Herald:
      If there's one man that I admire, that man's a British tar.
    • August 10 1723, Jonathan Swift, To Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough‎:
      Shines in all climates like a star; In senates bold, and fierce in war; A land commander, and a tar.
  5. (uncountable) Black tar, a form of heroin.
Derived terms
Terms derived from tar (noun)
  • beat the tar out of
  • birch tar
  • black tar
  • coal tar
  • gas tar
  • Jack Tar
  • jacktar
  • mineral tar
  • pine tar
  • pitch-tar
  • spoil the ship for a hap'orth of tar
  • tar baby
  • tar board
  • tar boil
  • tarbrush
  • Tar Heel
  • tarlike
  • tarmac
  • tarmacadam
  • tar paper
  • tarpaulin
  • tar pit
  • tarpot
  • tar sand
  • tar spot
  • tar water
  • tarweed
  • touch of the tar brush
  • wood tar
Translations

Verb

tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)

  1. (transitive) To coat with tar.
  2. (transitive) To besmirch.
    The allegations tarred his name, even though he was found innocent.
    • 1995, Paul Robinson, The Gate Contracts
      Dr. Sign: In fact, maybe you think I should get credit, but if I do, Dr. Frendall will be scorned. You know why
      Dr. Ellsworth: Yes, I know. Your critics will tar him with the same brush as you.
Derived terms
  • tar and feather
  • tar with the same brush, tar with the same stick (dated)
Translations

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of tape archive.

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  1. (computing) A program for archiving files, common on Unix systems.
  2. (computing) A file produced by such a program.
Derived terms
  • tarball
  • tarbomb
  • tarfile
Translations

Verb

tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)

  1. (computing, transitive) To create a tar archive.
Antonyms
  • untar
Derived terms
  • untar

Etymology 3

From Persian تار‎ (târ).

Alternative forms

  • tār

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  1. A Persian long-necked, waisted string instrument, shared by many cultures and countries in the Middle East and the Caucasus.
Translations
See also
  • Appendix:Glossary of chordophones

Etymology 4

From Arabic طار‎ (ṭār).

Noun

tar (plural tars)

  1. A single-headed round frame drum originating in North Africa and the Middle East.
See also
  • Appendix:Glossary of membranophones
References
  • 2001. Drum Circle: A Guide to World Percussion. Chalo Eduardo, Frank Kumor. Pg. 18.

Anagrams

  • 'art, 'rat, ART, ATR, Art, RAT, RTA, Rat, art, art., rat, tra

Aromanian

Noun

tar m (plural tari)

  1. donkey

Synonyms

  • gumar/yumar, shonj/shonjiu, cãci, tãronj/tãroanji, uci, uricljat, dãnglãrã, dãngã

Derived terms

  • tãronj

Asturian

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin stāre, present active infinitive of stō. Compare Spanish estar, Aragonese estar, Galician estar, Portuguese estar, Catalan estar.

Verb

tar

  1. to be (referring to geographical place)
  2. to be (referring to something temporary)
  3. to be (for use in constructing continuous verb forms)
    tas xugando ― you are playing

Conjugation

Impersonal forms
Infinitivetar
Gerundtando
Past participletao
Personal forms
yotuél~elli/-a/-onosotros/-es~nósvosotros/-es~vósellos/-es
IndicativePresentto
toi		tastatamostaistán
Imperfect preteritetabatabestabatábamos~tábemostabais~tabeistaben
Perfect preteritetuvi
tevi		tuvisti
tuviesti		tuvo
tevo		tuvimos
tuviemos		tuvistis
tuviestis		tuvieron
Pluperfect preteritetuviera~tuvieretuvieras~tuvierestuviera~tuvieretuviéramos~tuviéremostuvierais~tuviereistuvieran~tuvieren
yotuél~elli/-a/-onosotros/-es~nósvosotros/-es~vósellos/-es
SubjunctivePresentteateasteateamosteáistean
Imperfect preteritetuviera~tuvieretuvieras~tuvierestuviera~tuvieretuviéramos~tuviéremostuvierais~tuviereistuvieran~tuvieren
yotuél~elli/-a/-onosotros/-es~nósvosotros/-es~vósellos/-es
PotentialFuturetarétarástarátaremostaréistarán
Conditionaltaríataríestaríataríamos~taríemostaríais~taríeistaríen
-tuvusténosotros/-es~nósvosotros/-es~vósvustedes
Imperativetavamos tartai
  • Reference: http://www.academiadelallingua.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Gramatica_Llingua.pdf

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian تار‎ (târ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [tɑr]
  • Audio(file)

Noun

tar (definite accusative tarı, plural tarlar)

  1. tar

Declension

    Declension of tar
singularplural
nominativetar
tarlar
definite accusativetarı
tarları
dativetara
tarlara
locativetarda
tarlarda
ablativetardan
tarlardan
definite genitivetarın
tarların
    Possessive forms of tar
nominative
singularplural
mənim (“my”)tarımtarlarım
sənin (“your”)tarıntarların
onun (“his/her/its”)tarıtarları
bizim (“our”)tarımıztarlarımız
sizin (“your”)tarınıztarlarınız
onların (“their”)tarı or tarlarıtarları
accusative
singularplural
mənim (“my”)tarımıtarlarımı
sənin (“your”)tarınıtarlarını
onun (“his/her/its”)tarınıtarlarını
bizim (“our”)tarımızıtarlarımızı
sizin (“your”)tarınızıtarlarınızı
onların (“their”)tarını or tarlarınıtarlarını
dative
singularplural
mənim (“my”)tarımatarlarıma
sənin (“your”)tarınatarlarına
onun (“his/her/its”)tarınatarlarına
bizim (“our”)tarımızatarlarımıza
sizin (“your”)tarınızatarlarınıza
onların (“their”)tarına or tarlarınatarlarına
locative
singularplural
mənim (“my”)tarımdatarlarımda
sənin (“your”)tarındatarlarında
onun (“his/her/its”)tarındatarlarında
bizim (“our”)tarımızdatarlarımızda
sizin (“your”)tarınızdatarlarınızda
onların (“their”)tarında or tarlarındatarlarında
ablative
singularplural
mənim (“my”)tarımdantarlarımdan
sənin (“your”)tarındantarlarından
onun (“his/her/its”)tarındantarlarından
bizim (“our”)tarımızdantarlarımızdan
sizin (“your”)tarınızdantarlarınızdan
onların (“their”)tarından or tarlarındantarlarından
genitive
singularplural
mənim (“my”)tarımıntarlarımın
sənin (“your”)tarınıntarlarının
onun (“his/her/its”)tarınıntarlarının
bizim (“our”)tarımızıntarlarımızın
sizin (“your”)tarınızıntarlarınızın
onların (“their”)tarının or tarlarınıntarlarının

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowing from an Oghur language, before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries)[1], from Proto-Turkic *tāŕ (“bald”). Cognates include Turkish dazlak (“bald”), Karakhanid تازْ‎ (tāz, “bald”), and Middle Mongol [script needed] (tarasun, “bald”), the latter perhaps a Turkic borrowing too.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈtɒr]
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒr

Adjective

tar (not comparable)

  1. bald
    Synonym: kopasz

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativetartarok
accusativetarttarokat
dativetarnaktaroknak
instrumentaltarraltarokkal
causal-finaltarérttarokért
translativetarrátarokká
terminativetarigtarokig
essive-formaltarkénttarokként
essive-modal——
inessivetarbantarokban
superessivetarontarokon
adessivetarnáltaroknál
illativetarbatarokba
sublativetarratarokra
allativetarhoztarokhoz
elativetarbóltarokból
delativetarróltarokról
ablativetartóltaroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular		tarétaroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural		taréitarokéi

Derived terms

  • tarol

References

  1. tar in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • tar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tar/
  • Hyphenation: tar
  • Rhymes: -tar, -ar, -r

Etymology 1

Unknown.

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. Alternative spelling of tir (chess pieces).

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. (onomatopoeic) whipping sound.

Etymology 3

From Dutch taart, from Middle Dutch tāerte, from Old French tarte.

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. (cooking) a type of cake.
    Synonym: kue tar
Alternative forms
  • tart [tat] (Standard Malay)

Etymology 4

From English tar, from Proto-Germanic *terwą, from Proto-Indo-European *derwo-. Doublet of ter and tir.

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. tar, the solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.
Usage notes

Other definition of tar translated into ter or tir.

Noun

tar (first-person possessive tarku, second-person possessive tarmu, third-person possessive tarnya)

  1. (colloquial) aphetic form of sebentar.

Further reading

  • “tar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish do·icc. The imperative is from a related verb, do·airicc.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t̪ˠaɾˠ/

Verb

tar (present analytic tagann, future analytic tiocfaidh, verbal noun teacht, past participle tagtha)

  1. to come
    Tiocfaidh ár lá.
    Our day will come.
  2. to survive, pull through
    Bhí a ndeartháir ar leaba an bháis, ach tháinig sé.
    Their brother was on his deathbed, but he pulled through.
    Bádh a hathair agus tháinig a máthair.
    Her father drowned and her mother survived.

Conjugation

Conjugation of tar
singularpluralrelativeautonomous
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativepresenttagaimtagann tú;
tagair†		tagann sé, sítagaimid;
tagann muid		tagann sibhtagann siad;
tagaid†		a thagann; a thagas /
a dtagann*; a dtagas*		tagtar
pasttháinig mé;
thánag		tháinig tú;
thángais		tháinig sé, síthángamar;
tháinig muid		tháinig sibh;
thángabhair		tháinig siad;
thángadar		a tháinig /
ar tháinig*		thángthas
past habitualthagainn / dtagainn‡‡thagtá / dtagtᇇthagadh sé, sí / dtagadh sé, s퇇thagaimis;
thagadh muid / dtagaimis‡‡;
dtagadh muid‡‡		thagadh sibh / dtagadh sibh‡‡thagaidís; thagadh siad / dtagaidís‡‡; dtagadh siad‡‡a thagadh /
a dtagadh*		thagtaí / dtagta퇇
futuretiocfaidh mé;
tiocfad		tiocfaidh tú;
tiocfair†		tiocfaidh sé, sítiocfaimid;
tiocfaidh muid		tiocfaidh sibhtiocfaidh siad;
tiocfaid†		a thiocfaidh, a thiocfas /
a dtiocfaidh*, a dtiocfas*		tiocfar
conditionalthiocfainn / dtiocfainn‡‡thiocfá / dtiocfᇇthiocfadh sé, sí / dtiocfadh sé, s퇇thiocfaimis;
thiocfadh muid / dtiocfaimis‡‡;
dtiocfadh muid‡‡		thiocfadh sibh / dtiocfadh sibh‡‡thiocfaidís;
thiocfadh siad / dtiocfaidís‡‡;
dtiocfadh siad‡‡		a thiocfadh /
a dtiocfadh*		thiocfaí / dtiocfa퇇
subjunctivepresentgo dtaga mé;
go dtagad†		go dtaga tú;
go dtagair†		go dtaga sé, sígo dtagaimid;
go dtaga muid		go dtaga sibhgo dtaga siad;
go dtagaid†		—go dtagtar
pastdá dtagainndá dtagtádá dtagadh sé, sídá dtagaimis;
dá dtagadh muid		dá dtagadh sibhdá dtagaidís; dá dtagadh siad—dá dtagtaí
imperativetagaimtartagadh sé, sítagaimistagaigí;
tagaidh†		tagaidís—tagtar
verbal nounteacht
past participletagtha

*Indirect relative
† Dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Forms based on the stem tig- (e.g. tigim and tig/tigeann) are found in Ulster, North Mayo and parts of Munster; in at least some of these varieties there may also be spontaneous lenition to thig etc. even in environments where no lenition is expected. Forms based on the stem teag- (e.g. teagaim, teagann) are found in parts of Connacht.

The present analytic tig is particularly common in tar le (“be able”).

The obsolete present subjunctive tí is now found only in the preposition go dtí (“to, toward, up to, until”).

Alternative forms of the second-person singular imperative include tair in Munster, teighre in Aran, teara in Connemara, and gabh in Ulster.

Derived terms

  • tar amach
  • tar le
  • tar slán
  • tar ar

Mutation

Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionEclipsis
tarthardtar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Maltese

Root
t-j-r
9 terms

Etymology

From Arabic طَارَ‎ (ṭāra).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /taːr/
  • Rhymes: -aːr

Verb

tar (imperfect jtir, verbal noun tajran)

  1. to fly
  2. to be quick

Conjugation

    Conjugation of tar
singularplural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
perfectmtirttirttartirnatirtutaru
ftaret
imperfectmntirttirjtirntiruttirujtiru
fttir
imperativetirtiru

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish do·icc.

Verb

tar (verbal noun çheet, simple past haink, future hig, conditional harragh)

  1. to come
    Haink ee er etlan.
    She came by plane.

Conjugation

Conjugation of tar
firstanalytical
singularplural
futureindependenthigymhigmaydhig
dependentjigymjigmaydjig
relative(no future relative form)
conditionalindependentharrinharragh
dependentdarrindarragh
pasthaink
verbal nounçheet
past participle(no past participle form)

Derived terms

  • tar er-ash (“return”)

Middle English

Determiner

tar

  1. (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of þeir

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

tar

  1. present of ta

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

tar

  1. present of ta

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • dar

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *taras, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂és, from the root *terh₂- (“to cross”).[1]

The voiced variant dar is the original one, since *t in proclitics regularly became d in Old Irish. Tar with a voiceless initial consonant is analogical after its conjugated forms.[2]

Preposition

tar (with accusative)

  1. over, across

Inflection

Inflection of tar
PersonNormalEmphatic
1st person sing.thorom, thorumthoromsa, thorumsa
2d person sing.toruttorutsu
3d sing. masc./neut., dative
3d sing. masc./neut., accusativetarais
3d sing. fem., dative
3d sing. fem., accusativetairse
1st person pl.torunn+torunni
2d person pl.toraib
3d person pl., dative
3d person pl., accusativetairsiu

Forms combined with the definite article:

  • tarsin (masculine/feminine singular)
  • tarsa (neuter singular)
  • tarsna (plural all genders)

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

  • tarm(u), darm (first person singular)
  • t(a)ra, dara (third person)

Forms combined with a possessive pronoun:

  • tar(s)a·, dara·

Derived terms

  • tar cenn

Descendants

  • Irish: thar
  • Manx: har, harrish
  • Scottish Gaelic: thar

References

  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*taras”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
  2. McCone, Kim (1981), “Final /t/ to /d/ after Unstressed Vowels, and an Old Irish Sound Law”, in Ériu‎, volume 32, Royal Irish Academy, ISSN 2009-0056, JSTOR 30007453, retrieved November 25, 2022, pages 29–44

Further reading

  • Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 434, 854
  • Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 150

Pali

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit तॄ (tṝ).

Root

tar

  1. to cross

Derived terms

Verbs
  • tarati
  • tareti
  • uttarati
Nouns
  • taraṇa
Adjectives
  • uttara

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tar/
  • Rhymes: -ar
  • Syllabification: tar

Noun

tar f

  1. genitive plural of tara

Portuguese

Alternative forms

  • tá (Brazilian)

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈta(ʁ)/ [ˈta(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ˈta(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈta(ʁ)/ [ˈta(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈta(ɻ)/
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈtaɾ/

  • Rhymes: -aɾ

Verb

tar

  1. (Portugal) Nonstandard spelling of estar.
    • 1983, Manuel da Costa Fontes, Romanceiro da Ilha de São Jorge, Universidade de Coimbra, page 236:
      Eu tou aqui nesta serra
      I’m here in this mountain chain

Romanian

Etymology

From Hungarian tár.

Noun

tar m (plural taruri)

  1. unit of measurement for weights

Declension

Declension of tar
singularplural
indefinite articulationdefinite articulationindefinite articulationdefinite articulation
nominative/accusative(un) tartarul(niște) taruritarurii
genitive/dative(unui) tartarului(unor) taruritarurilor
vocativetaruletarurilor

Sumerian

Romanization

tar

  1. Romanization of 𒋻 (tar)

Swedish

Verb

tar

  1. present tense of ta.

Anagrams

  • art
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