sín
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sin"
Eastern Maninkakan
Alternative scripts
- ߛߌ߲ (nko)
Noun
sín
- breast
Alternative scripts
- ߛߌ߲߫ (nko)
Verb
sín
- to face, be opposite
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sʊin]
Pronoun
sín
- reflexive pronoun, genitive third-person of seg
- hann sendi eitt bræv til sín sjálvs
- he sent a letter to himself
- hann sendi eitt bræv til sín sjálvs
Declension
| Reflexive pronouns - Afturbent fornavn | |
|---|---|
| Singular (eintal), Plural (fleirtal) | 3. m, f, n |
| Nominative (hvørfall) | — |
| Accusative (hvønnfall) | seg |
| Dative (hvørjumfall) | sær |
| Genitive (hvørsfall) | sín |
References
- Höskuldur Thráinsson, Hjalmar P. Petersen, Jógvan í Lon Jacobsen, Zakaris Svabo Hansen: Faroese : An Overview and Reference Grammar. Tórshavn: Føroya Fróðskaparfelag, 2004 (p. 119 f., 325 ff.)
Etymology 2
Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.
Pronoun
sín
- his, her, its, their; the third person possessive pronoun
Declension
| Possessive pronoun - ognarfornavn | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular (eintal) | m | f | n |
| Nominative (hvørfall) | sín | sín | sítt |
| Accusative (hvønnfall) | sína | ||
| Dative (hvørjumfall) | sínum | síni / sínari | sínum |
| Genitive (hvørsfall) | (síns) | (sínar) | (síns) |
| Plural (fleirtal) | m | f | n |
| Nominative (hvørfall) | sínir | sínar | síni |
| Accusative (hvønnfall) | sínar | ||
| Dative (hvørjumfall) | sínum | ||
| Genitive (hvørsfall) | (sína) | ||
Hungarian
sín
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʃiːn]
- Hyphenation: sín
- Rhymes: -iːn
Etymology 1
From German Schiene (“rail”).
Noun
sín (plural sínek)
- rail
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | sín | sínek |
| accusative | sínt | síneket |
| dative | sínnek | síneknek |
| instrumental | sínnel | sínekkel |
| causal-final | sínért | sínekért |
| translative | sínné | sínekké |
| terminative | sínig | sínekig |
| essive-formal | sínként | sínekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | sínben | sínekben |
| superessive | sínen | síneken |
| adessive | sínnél | síneknél |
| illative | sínbe | sínekbe |
| sublative | sínre | sínekre |
| allative | sínhez | sínekhez |
| elative | sínből | sínekből |
| delative | sínről | sínekről |
| ablative | síntől | sínektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | síné | síneké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | sínéi | sínekéi |
| Possessive forms of sín | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | sínem | sínjeim |
| 2nd person sing. | síned | sínjeid |
| 3rd person sing. | sínje | sínjei |
| 1st person plural | sínünk | sínjeink |
| 2nd person plural | sínetek | sínjeitek |
| 3rd person plural | sínjük | sínjeik |
Etymology 2
sí + -n
Noun
sín
- superessive singular of sí
Further reading
- sín in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Pronoun
sín
- genitive of sig
Declension
declension of sín
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | - | - | - | - |
| accusative | sig, sik† | sig, sik† | sig, sik† | sig, sik† |
| dative | sér | sér | sér | sér |
| genitive | sín | sín | sín | sín |
Derived terms
terms derived from the genitive form, or sín
- axla sín skinn
- vera sjálfs sín herra
- laða til sín
- kalla til sín
- mega sín mikils
- blygðast sín
- mega missa sín
- taka orð sín aftur
- mega sín ekki við
- segja til sín
- segir til sín
- vera miður sín
- njóta sín
- vænta sín
- skipa milli sín
- njóta sín
- kalla til sín
- gæta sín
- vista til sín
- falla á sjálfs sín bragði
- halda orð sín
- hefna sín
- kveðja til sín
- mega sín mikils
- hefna sín á
- tala sín á milli
- skipta á milli sín
- skammast sín
- sín á milli
Determiner
sín
- inflection of sinn:
- feminine nominative singular
- neuter nominative plural
- neuter accusative plural
Declension
| Possessive pronouns (eignarfornöfn) | |||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | sinn | sín | sitt | sínir | sínar | sín | |
| accusative | sinn | sína | sitt | sína | sínar | sín | |
| dative | sínum | sinni | sínu | sínum | sínum | sínum | |
| genitive | síns | sinnar | síns | sinna | sinna | sinna | |
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃiːnʲ/
Etymology 1
From Middle Irish sínid, from Proto-Celtic *sīnīti, from the same root as *sīros (“long”) (compare Old Irish sír, Welsh hir), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“late, long”) (compare Sanskrit साय (sāyá, “evening”), Latin sērus (“late”), Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (seiþus, “late”).
Verb
sín (present analytic síneann, future analytic sínfidh, verbal noun síneadh, past participle sínte)
- to stretch, extend
- to pass (transfer from one person to another, hand over)
- to lengthen
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | sínim | síneann tú; sínir† | síneann sé, sí | sínimid | síneann sibh | síneann siad; sínid† | a shíneann; a shíneas / a síneann*; a síneas* | síntear |
| past | shín mé; shíneas | shín tú; shínis | shín sé, sí | shíneamar; shín muid | shín sibh; shíneabhair | shín siad; shíneadar | a shín / ar shín* | síneadh | |
| past habitual | shíninn / síninn‡‡ | shínteá / sínteᇇ | shíneadh sé, sí / síneadh sé, s퇇 | shínimis; shíneadh muid / sínimis‡‡; síneadh muid‡‡ | shíneadh sibh / síneadh sibh‡‡ | shínidís; shíneadh siad / sínidís‡‡; síneadh siad‡‡ | a shíneadh / a síneadh* | shíntí / sínt퇇 | |
| future | sínfidh mé; sínfead | sínfidh tú; sínfir† | sínfidh sé, sí | sínfimid; sínfidh muid | sínfidh sibh | sínfidh siad; sínfid† | a shínfidh; a shínfeas / a sínfidh*; a sínfeas* | sínfear | |
| conditional | shínfinn / sínfinn‡‡ | shínfeá / sínfeᇇ | shínfeadh sé, sí / sínfeadh sé, s퇇 | shínfimis; shínfeadh muid / sínfimis‡‡; sínfeadh muid‡‡ | shínfeadh sibh / sínfeadh sibh‡‡ | shínfidís; shínfeadh siad / sínfidís‡‡; sínfeadh siad‡‡ | a shínfeadh / a sínfeadh* | shínfí / sínf퇇 | |
| subjunctive | present | go síne mé; go sínead† | go síne tú; go sínir† | go síne sé, sí | go sínimid; go síne muid | go síne sibh | go síne siad; go sínid† | — | go síntear |
| past | dá síninn | dá sínteá | dá síneadh sé, sí | dá sínimis; dá síneadh muid | dá síneadh sibh | dá sínidís; dá síneadh siad | — | dá síntí | |
| imperative | sínim | sín | síneadh sé, sí | sínimis | sínigí; sínidh† | sínidís | — | síntear | |
| verbal noun | síneadh | ||||||||
| past participle | sínte | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Etymology 2
From Old French signe, seing (“sign; mark; signature”), from Latin signum (“a mark; sign; token”). Doublet of séan.
Noun
sín f (genitive singular síne, nominative plural síneacha)
- sign
- Synonym: comhartha
Declension
Declension of sín
Second declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
- sínigh (“to sign”)
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
sín f
- (archaic, dialectal) dative singular of síon
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| sín | shín after an, tsín | not applicable |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 337
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sínid (‘stretch out, extend’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “sínim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 641
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “sín”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *sīnā (“weather”). Cognate with Welsh hin and Breton hinon (“good weather”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsʲiːn/ (nominative singular and genitive plural)
- IPA(key): /ˈsʲiːnʲ/ (accusative and dative singular)
Noun
sín f (genitive síne, nominative plural sína)
- weather
- c. 850, Glosses on the Carlsruhe Beda, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 10–30, Bcr. 33b14
- .i. conscuchud suas ar ómun inna sín.
- i.e. moving upwards for fear of the storms.
- Tecosca Cormaic, published in Tecosca Cormaic. The Instructions of King Cormaic Mac Airt (1909, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy), edited and with translations by Kuno Meyer, page 36, §17, line 8
- Dech do sínaib céo […]
- The best of weathers is mist […]
- c. 850, Glosses on the Carlsruhe Beda, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 10–30, Bcr. 33b14
Usage notes
Often, but not always, with negative connotations.
Inflection
| Feminine ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | sínL | sínL | sínaH |
| Vocative | sínL | sínL | sínaH |
| Accusative | sínN | sínL | sínaH |
| Genitive | síneH | sínL | sínN |
| Dative | sínL | sínaib | sínaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Descendants
- Middle Irish: sín
- Irish: síon
- Scottish Gaelic: sian
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| sín | ṡín | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*sīnā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 336
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sín”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Norse
Determiner
sín
- inflection of sínn:
- feminine nominative singular
- neuter nominative/accusative plural