swaca
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /swaːǀa/
Verb
-swaca
- (intransitive) to frown
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuswaca | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuswaca | ukungaswaci | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | swaca | -swace | |||||||
Plural | swacani | -swaceni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaswaca, ngiswaca | engiswacayo, engiswaca | ngiswaca | angiswaci | engingaswaci | ngingaswaci | |||
2nd singular | uyaswaca, uswaca | oswacayo, oswaca | uswaca | awuswaci | ongaswaci | ungaswaci | |||
1st plural | siyaswaca, siswaca | esiswacayo, esiswaca | siswaca | asiswaci | esingaswaci | singaswaci | |||
2nd plural | niyaswaca, niswaca | eniswacayo, eniswaca | niswaca | aniswaci | eningaswaci | ningaswaci | |||
Class 1 | uyaswaca, uswaca | oswacayo, oswaca | eswaca | akaswaci | ongaswaci | engaswaci | |||
Class 2 | bayaswaca, baswaca | abaswacayo, abaswaca | beswaca | abaswaci | abangaswaci | bengaswaci | |||
Class 3 | uyaswaca, uswaca | oswacayo, oswaca | uswaca | awuswaci | ongaswaci | ungaswaci | |||
Class 4 | iyaswaca, iswaca | eswacayo, eswaca | iswaca | ayiswaci | engaswaci | ingaswaci | |||
Class 5 | liyaswaca, liswaca | eliswacayo, eliswaca | liswaca | aliswaci | elingaswaci | lingaswaci | |||
Class 6 | ayaswaca, aswaca | aswacayo, aswaca | eswaca | awaswaci | angaswaci | engaswaci | |||
Class 7 | siyaswaca, siswaca | esiswacayo, esiswaca | siswaca | asiswaci | esingaswaci | singaswaci | |||
Class 8 | ziyaswaca, ziswaca | eziswacayo, eziswaca | ziswaca | aziswaci | ezingaswaci | zingaswaci | |||
Class 9 | iyaswaca, iswaca | eswacayo, eswaca | iswaca | ayiswaci | engaswaci | ingaswaci | |||
Class 10 | ziyaswaca, ziswaca | eziswacayo, eziswaca | ziswaca | aziswaci | ezingaswaci | zingaswaci | |||
Class 11 | luyaswaca, luswaca | oluswacayo, oluswaca | luswaca | aluswaci | olungaswaci | lungaswaci | |||
Class 14 | buyaswaca, buswaca | obuswacayo, obuswaca | buswaca | abuswaci | obungaswaci | bungaswaci | |||
Class 15 | kuyaswaca, kuswaca | okuswacayo, okuswaca | kuswaca | akuswaci | okungaswaci | kungaswaci | |||
Class 17 | kuyaswaca, kuswaca | okuswacayo, okuswaca | kuswaca | akuswaci | okungaswaci | kungaswaci | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiswacile, ngiswacē | engiswacile, engiswacē | ngiswacile, ngiswacē | angiswacanga | engingaswacanga | ngingaswacanga | |||
2nd singular | uswacile, uswacē | oswacile, oswacē | uswacile, uswacē | awuswacanga | ongaswacanga | ungaswacanga | |||
1st plural | siswacile, siswacē | esiswacile, esiswacē | siswacile, siswacē | asiswacanga | esingaswacanga | singaswacanga | |||
2nd plural | niswacile, niswacē | eniswacile, eniswacē | niswacile, niswacē | aniswacanga | eningaswacanga | ningaswacanga | |||
Class 1 | uswacile, uswacē | oswacile, oswacē | eswacile, eswacē | akaswacanga | ongaswacanga | engaswacanga | |||
Class 2 | baswacile, baswacē | abaswacile, abaswacē | beswacile, beswacē | abaswacanga | abangaswacanga | bengaswacanga | |||
Class 3 | uswacile, uswacē | oswacile, oswacē | uswacile, uswacē | awuswacanga | ongaswacanga | ungaswacanga | |||
Class 4 | iswacile, iswacē | eswacile, eswacē | iswacile, iswacē | ayiswacanga | engaswacanga | ingaswacanga | |||
Class 5 | liswacile, liswacē | eliswacile, eliswacē | liswacile, liswacē | aliswacanga | elingaswacanga | lingaswacanga | |||
Class 6 | aswacile, aswacē | aswacile, aswacē | eswacile, eswacē | awaswacanga | angaswacanga | engaswacanga | |||
Class 7 | siswacile, siswacē | esiswacile, esiswacē | siswacile, siswacē | asiswacanga | esingaswacanga | singaswacanga | |||
Class 8 | ziswacile, ziswacē | eziswacile, eziswacē | ziswacile, ziswacē | aziswacanga | ezingaswacanga | zingaswacanga | |||
Class 9 | iswacile, iswacē | eswacile, eswacē | iswacile, iswacē | ayiswacanga | engaswacanga | ingaswacanga | |||
Class 10 | ziswacile, ziswacē | eziswacile, eziswacē | ziswacile, ziswacē | aziswacanga | ezingaswacanga | zingaswacanga | |||
Class 11 | luswacile, luswacē | oluswacile, oluswacē | luswacile, luswacē | aluswacanga | olungaswacanga | lungaswacanga | |||
Class 14 | buswacile, buswacē | obuswacile, obuswacē | buswacile, buswacē | abuswacanga | obungaswacanga | bungaswacanga | |||
Class 15 | kuswacile, kuswacē | okuswacile, okuswacē | kuswacile, kuswacē | akuswacanga | okungaswacanga | kungaswacanga | |||
Class 17 | kuswacile, kuswacē | okuswacile, okuswacē | kuswacile, kuswacē | akuswacanga | okungaswacanga | kungaswacanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāswaca | engāswaca | ngāswaca | angiswacanga | engingaswacanga | ngingaswacanga | |||
2nd singular | wāswaca | owāswaca | wāswaca | awuswacanga | ongaswacanga | ungaswacanga | |||
1st plural | sāswaca | esāswaca | sāswaca | asiswacanga | esingaswacanga | singaswacanga | |||
2nd plural | nāswaca | enāswaca | nāswaca | aniswacanga | eningaswacanga | ningaswacanga | |||
Class 1 | wāswaca | owāswaca | āswaca | akaswacanga | ongaswacanga | engaswacanga | |||
Class 2 | bāswaca | abāswaca | bāswaca | abaswacanga | abangaswacanga | bengaswacanga | |||
Class 3 | wāswaca | owāswaca | wāswaca | awuswacanga | ongaswacanga | ungaswacanga | |||
Class 4 | yāswaca | eyāswaca | yāswaca | ayiswacanga | engaswacanga | ingaswacanga | |||
Class 5 | lāswaca | elāswaca | lāswaca | aliswacanga | elingaswacanga | lingaswacanga | |||
Class 6 | āswaca | āswaca | āswaca | awaswacanga | angaswacanga | engaswacanga | |||
Class 7 | sāswaca | esāswaca | sāswaca | asiswacanga | esingaswacanga | singaswacanga | |||
Class 8 | zāswaca | ezāswaca | zāswaca | aziswacanga | ezingaswacanga | zingaswacanga | |||
Class 9 | yāswaca | eyāswaca | yāswaca | ayiswacanga | engaswacanga | ingaswacanga | |||
Class 10 | zāswaca | ezāswaca | zāswaca | aziswacanga | ezingaswacanga | zingaswacanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāswaca | olwāswaca | lwāswaca | aluswacanga | olungaswacanga | lungaswacanga | |||
Class 14 | bāswaca | obāswaca | bāswaca | abuswacanga | obungaswacanga | bungaswacanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāswaca | okwāswaca | kwāswaca | akuswacanga | okungaswacanga | kungaswacanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāswaca | okwāswaca | kwāswaca | akuswacanga | okungaswacanga | kungaswacanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaswaca | — | ngingaswaca | ngingeswace | — | ngingeswace | |||
2nd singular | ungaswaca | — | ungaswaca | ungeswace | — | ungeswace | |||
1st plural | singaswaca | — | singaswaca | singeswace | — | singeswace | |||
2nd plural | ningaswaca | — | ningaswaca | ningeswace | — | ningeswace | |||
Class 1 | angaswaca | — | engaswaca | angeswace | — | engeswace | |||
Class 2 | bangaswaca | — | bengaswaca | bangeswace | — | bengeswace | |||
Class 3 | ungaswaca | — | ungaswaca | ungeswace | — | ungeswace | |||
Class 4 | ingaswaca | — | ingaswaca | ingeswace | — | ingeswace | |||
Class 5 | lingaswaca | — | lingaswaca | lingeswace | — | lingeswace | |||
Class 6 | angaswaca | — | engaswaca | angeswace | — | engeswace | |||
Class 7 | singaswaca | — | singaswaca | singeswace | — | singeswace | |||
Class 8 | zingaswaca | — | zingaswaca | zingeswace | — | zingeswace | |||
Class 9 | ingaswaca | — | ingaswaca | ingeswace | — | ingeswace | |||
Class 10 | zingaswaca | — | zingaswaca | zingeswace | — | zingeswace | |||
Class 11 | lungaswaca | — | lungaswaca | lungeswace | — | lungeswace | |||
Class 14 | bungaswaca | — | bungaswaca | bungeswace | — | bungeswace | |||
Class 15 | kungaswaca | — | kungaswaca | kungeswace | — | kungeswace | |||
Class 17 | kungaswaca | — | kungaswaca | kungeswace | — | kungeswace | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizoswaca | engizoswaca | ngizoswaca | angizuswaca | engingezuswaca | ngingezuswaca | |||
2nd singular | uzoswaca | ozoswaca | uzoswaca | awuzuswaca | ongezuswaca | ungezuswaca | |||
1st plural | sizoswaca | esizoswaca | sizoswaca | asizuswaca | esingezuswaca | singezuswaca | |||
2nd plural | nizoswaca | enizoswaca | nizoswaca | anizuswaca | eningezuswaca | ningezuswaca | |||
Class 1 | uzoswaca | ozoswaca | ezoswaca | akazuswaca | ongezuswaca | engezuswaca | |||
Class 2 | bazoswaca | abazoswaca | bezoswaca | abazuswaca | abangezuswaca | bengezuswaca | |||
Class 3 | uzoswaca | ozoswaca | uzoswaca | awuzuswaca | ongezuswaca | ungezuswaca | |||
Class 4 | izoswaca | ezoswaca | izoswaca | ayizuswaca | engezuswaca | ingezuswaca | |||
Class 5 | lizoswaca | elizoswaca | lizoswaca | alizuswaca | elingezuswaca | lingezuswaca | |||
Class 6 | azoswaca | azoswaca | ezoswaca | awazuswaca | angezuswaca | engezuswaca | |||
Class 7 | sizoswaca | esizoswaca | sizoswaca | asizuswaca | esingezuswaca | singezuswaca | |||
Class 8 | zizoswaca | ezizoswaca | zizoswaca | azizuswaca | ezingezuswaca | zingezuswaca | |||
Class 9 | izoswaca | ezoswaca | izoswaca | ayizuswaca | engezuswaca | ingezuswaca | |||
Class 10 | zizoswaca | ezizoswaca | zizoswaca | azizuswaca | ezingezuswaca | zingezuswaca | |||
Class 11 | luzoswaca | oluzoswaca | luzoswaca | aluzuswaca | olungezuswaca | lungezuswaca | |||
Class 14 | buzoswaca | obuzoswaca | buzoswaca | abuzuswaca | obungezuswaca | bungezuswaca | |||
Class 15 | kuzoswaca | okuzoswaca | kuzoswaca | akuzuswaca | okungezuswaca | kungezuswaca | |||
Class 17 | kuzoswaca | okuzoswaca | kuzoswaca | akuzuswaca | okungezuswaca | kungezuswaca | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyoswaca | engiyoswaca | ngiyoswaca | angiyuswaca | engingeyuswaca | ngingeyuswaca | |||
2nd singular | uyoswaca | oyoswaca | uyoswaca | awuyuswaca | ongeyuswaca | ungeyuswaca | |||
1st plural | siyoswaca | esiyoswaca | siyoswaca | asiyuswaca | esingeyuswaca | singeyuswaca | |||
2nd plural | niyoswaca | eniyoswaca | niyoswaca | aniyuswaca | eningeyuswaca | ningeyuswaca | |||
Class 1 | uyoswaca | oyoswaca | eyoswaca | akayuswaca | ongeyuswaca | engeyuswaca | |||
Class 2 | bayoswaca | abayoswaca | beyoswaca | abayuswaca | abangeyuswaca | bengeyuswaca | |||
Class 3 | uyoswaca | oyoswaca | uyoswaca | awuyuswaca | ongeyuswaca | ungeyuswaca | |||
Class 4 | iyoswaca | eyoswaca | iyoswaca | ayiyuswaca | engeyuswaca | ingeyuswaca | |||
Class 5 | liyoswaca | eliyoswaca | liyoswaca | aliyuswaca | elingeyuswaca | lingeyuswaca | |||
Class 6 | ayoswaca | ayoswaca | eyoswaca | awayuswaca | angeyuswaca | engeyuswaca | |||
Class 7 | siyoswaca | esiyoswaca | siyoswaca | asiyuswaca | esingeyuswaca | singeyuswaca | |||
Class 8 | ziyoswaca | eziyoswaca | ziyoswaca | aziyuswaca | ezingeyuswaca | zingeyuswaca | |||
Class 9 | iyoswaca | eyoswaca | iyoswaca | ayiyuswaca | engeyuswaca | ingeyuswaca | |||
Class 10 | ziyoswaca | eziyoswaca | ziyoswaca | aziyuswaca | ezingeyuswaca | zingeyuswaca | |||
Class 11 | luyoswaca | oluyoswaca | luyoswaca | aluyuswaca | olungeyuswaca | lungeyuswaca | |||
Class 14 | buyoswaca | obuyoswaca | buyoswaca | abuyuswaca | obungeyuswaca | bungeyuswaca | |||
Class 15 | kuyoswaca | okuyoswaca | kuyoswaca | akuyuswaca | okungeyuswaca | kungeyuswaca | |||
Class 17 | kuyoswaca | okuyoswaca | kuyoswaca | akuyuswaca | okungeyuswaca | kungeyuswaca | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngiswace | ngingaswaci | |||||||
2nd singular | uswace | ungaswaci | |||||||
1st plural | siswace | singaswaci | |||||||
2nd plural | niswace | ningaswaci | |||||||
Class 1 | aswace | angaswaci | |||||||
Class 2 | baswace | bangaswaci | |||||||
Class 3 | uswace | ungaswaci | |||||||
Class 4 | iswace | ingaswaci | |||||||
Class 5 | liswace | lingaswaci | |||||||
Class 6 | aswace | angaswaci | |||||||
Class 7 | siswace | singaswaci | |||||||
Class 8 | ziswace | zingaswaci | |||||||
Class 9 | iswace | ingaswaci | |||||||
Class 10 | ziswace | zingaswaci | |||||||
Class 11 | luswace | lungaswaci | |||||||
Class 14 | buswace | bungaswaci | |||||||
Class 15 | kuswace | kungaswaci | |||||||
Class 17 | kuswace | kungaswaci | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaswaca | ngangaswaca, angaswaca, angangaswaca | |||||||
2nd singular | waswaca | wangaswaca, awaswaca, awangaswaca | |||||||
1st plural | saswaca | sangaswaca, asaswaca, asangaswaca | |||||||
2nd plural | naswaca | nangaswaca, anaswaca, anangaswaca | |||||||
Class 1 | waswaca | wangaswaca, akaswaca, akangaswaca | |||||||
Class 2 | baswaca | bangaswaca, abaswaca, abangaswaca | |||||||
Class 3 | waswaca | wangaswaca, awaswaca, awangaswaca | |||||||
Class 4 | yaswaca | yangaswaca, ayaswaca, ayangaswaca | |||||||
Class 5 | laswaca | langaswaca, alaswaca, alangaswaca | |||||||
Class 6 | aswaca | angaswaca, awaswaca, awangaswaca | |||||||
Class 7 | saswaca | sangaswaca, asaswaca, asangaswaca | |||||||
Class 8 | zaswaca | zangaswaca, azaswaca, azangaswaca | |||||||
Class 9 | yaswaca | yangaswaca, ayaswaca, ayangaswaca | |||||||
Class 10 | zaswaca | zangaswaca, azaswaca, azangaswaca | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaswaca | lwangaswaca, alwaswaca, alwangaswaca | |||||||
Class 14 | baswaca | bangaswaca, abaswaca, abangaswaca | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaswaca | kwangaswaca, akwaswaca, akwangaswaca | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaswaca | kwangaswaca, akwaswaca, akwangaswaca |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “swaca”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “swaca (6.3)”