sverja
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse sverja, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsvɛrja/
- Rhymes: -ɛrja
Verb
sverja (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative sór, third-person plural past indicative sóru, supine svarið)
- to swear (make an oath)
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-. Cognate with Old English swerian ( > English swear), Old Frisian swera ( > West Frisian swarre) Old Saxon swerian ( > Low German swören, sweren), Old High German sweren, swerien ( > German schwören), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swaran).
Verb
sverja
- to swear
Conjugation
The verb can be conjugated either as a class 6 strong verb, or as a class 1 weak short-stem verb (retaining the strong present participle).
Conjugation of sverja — active (strong class 6)
| infinitive | sverja | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | sverjandi | |
| past participle | svarinn | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | sver | sór |
| 2nd-person singular | sverr | sórt |
| 3rd-person singular | sverr | sór |
| 1st-person plural | sverjum | sórum |
| 2nd-person plural | sverið | sóruð |
| 3rd-person plural | sverja | sóru |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | sverja | sœra |
| 2nd-person singular | sverir | sœrir |
| 3rd-person singular | sveri | sœri |
| 1st-person plural | sverim | sœrim |
| 2nd-person plural | sverið | sœrið |
| 3rd-person plural | sveri | sœri |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | sver | |
| 1st-person plural | sverjum | |
| 2nd-person plural | sverið | |
Conjugation of sverja — mediopassive (strong class 6)
| infinitive | sverjask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | sverjandisk | |
| past participle | svarizk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | sverjumk | sórumk |
| 2nd-person singular | sversk | sórzk |
| 3rd-person singular | sversk | sórsk |
| 1st-person plural | sverjumsk | sórumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | sverizk | sóruzk |
| 3rd-person plural | sverjask | sórusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | sverjumk | sœrumk |
| 2nd-person singular | sverisk | sœrisk |
| 3rd-person singular | sverisk | sœrisk |
| 1st-person plural | sverimsk | sœrimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | sverizk | sœrizk |
| 3rd-person plural | sverisk | sœrisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | sversk | |
| 1st-person plural | sverjumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | sverizk | |
Descendants
- Icelandic: sverja
- Faroese: svørja
- Norwegian: sverge, sverja, sverje
- Old Swedish: sværia
- Swedish: svära, svärja
- Old Danish: swæriæ, swæræ
- Danish: sværge
- Westrobothnian: sväri
- Elfdalian: swera
- Gutnish: sväre
- Scanian: sværa
References
- sverja in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press