sustraer
Spanish
Alternative forms
- substraer
Etymology
From earlier substraer, borrowed from Latin subtrahere, present active infinitive of subtrahō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sustɾaˈeɾ/ [sus.t̪ɾaˈeɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: sus‧tra‧er
Verb
sustraer (first-person singular present sustraigo, first-person singular preterite sustraje, past participle sustraído)
- (transitive, mathematics) to subtract
- (transitive) to take away, put aside
- (transitive) to steal, rob
- (reflexive) (+ de algo) to do away with
Conjugation
Conjugation of sustraer (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | sustraer | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sustrayendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sustraído | sustraída | |||||
plural | sustraídos | sustraídas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | sustraigo | sustraestú sustraésvos | sustrae | sustraemos | sustraéis | sustraen | |
imperfect | sustraía | sustraías | sustraía | sustraíamos | sustraíais | sustraían | |
preterite | sustraje | sustrajiste | sustrajo | sustrajimos | sustrajisteis | sustrajeron | |
future | sustraeré | sustraerás | sustraerá | sustraeremos | sustraeréis | sustraerán | |
conditional | sustraería | sustraerías | sustraería | sustraeríamos | sustraeríais | sustraerían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | sustraiga | sustraigastú sustraigásvos2 | sustraiga | sustraigamos | sustraigáis | sustraigan | |
imperfect (ra) | sustrajera | sustrajeras | sustrajera | sustrajéramos | sustrajerais | sustrajeran | |
imperfect (se) | sustrajese | sustrajeses | sustrajese | sustrajésemos | sustrajeseis | sustrajesen | |
future1 | sustrajere | sustrajeres | sustrajere | sustrajéremos | sustrajereis | sustrajeren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | sustraetú sustraévos | sustraiga | sustraigamos | sustraed | sustraigan | ||
negative | no sustraigas | no sustraiga | no sustraigamos | no sustraigáis | no sustraigan |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of sustraer (irregular)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive sustraer | |||||||
dative | sustraerme | sustraerte | sustraerle, sustraerse | sustraernos | sustraeros | sustraerles, sustraerse | |
accusative | sustraerme | sustraerte | sustraerlo, sustraerla, sustraerse | sustraernos | sustraeros | sustraerlos, sustraerlas, sustraerse | |
with gerund sustrayendo | |||||||
dative | sustrayéndome | sustrayéndote | sustrayéndole, sustrayéndose | sustrayéndonos | sustrayéndoos | sustrayéndoles, sustrayéndose | |
accusative | sustrayéndome | sustrayéndote | sustrayéndolo, sustrayéndola, sustrayéndose | sustrayéndonos | sustrayéndoos | sustrayéndolos, sustrayéndolas, sustrayéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative sustrae | |||||||
dative | sustráeme | sustráete | sustráele | sustráenos | not used | sustráeles | |
accusative | sustráeme | sustráete | sustráelo, sustráela | sustráenos | not used | sustráelos, sustráelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative sustraé | |||||||
dative | sustraeme | sustraete | sustraele | sustraenos | not used | sustraeles | |
accusative | sustraeme | sustraete | sustraelo, sustraela | sustraenos | not used | sustraelos, sustraelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative sustraiga | |||||||
dative | sustráigame | not used | sustráigale, sustráigase | sustráiganos | not used | sustráigales | |
accusative | sustráigame | not used | sustráigalo, sustráigala, sustráigase | sustráiganos | not used | sustráigalos, sustráigalas | |
with first-person plural imperative sustraigamos | |||||||
dative | not used | sustraigámoste | sustraigámosle | sustraigámonos | sustraigámoos | sustraigámosles | |
accusative | not used | sustraigámoste | sustraigámoslo, sustraigámosla | sustraigámonos | sustraigámoos | sustraigámoslos, sustraigámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative sustraed | |||||||
dative | sustraedme | not used | sustraedle | sustraednos | sustraeos | sustraedles | |
accusative | sustraedme | not used | sustraedlo, sustraedla | sustraednos | sustraeos | sustraedlos, sustraedlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative sustraigan | |||||||
dative | sustráiganme | not used | sustráiganle | sustráigannos | not used | sustráiganles, sustráiganse | |
accusative | sustráiganme | not used | sustráiganlo, sustráiganla | sustráigannos | not used | sustráiganlos, sustráiganlas, sustráiganse |
Related terms
- sustracción
- sustractivo
- sustraendo
Further reading
- “sustraer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014