survivre
French
Etymology
From Old French survivre, from Latin supervīvō, from super + vīvō. Equivalent to sur- + vivre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /syʁ.vivʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
survivre
- (intransitive) to survive
- (transitive with à) to survive (eg. an accident)
- 2019, Géraldine Massot, La prophétie des papillons
- À combien de petites morts ai-je survécu ?
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 2019, Géraldine Massot, La prophétie des papillons
- (transitive with à) to outlive
Conjugation
Conjugation of survivre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | survivre | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | survivant /syʁ.vi.vɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | survécu /syʁ.ve.ky/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | survis /syʁ.vi/ | survis /syʁ.vi/ | survit /syʁ.vi/ | survivons /syʁ.vi.vɔ̃/ | survivez /syʁ.vi.ve/ | survivent /syʁ.viv/ |
imperfect | survivais /syʁ.vi.vɛ/ | survivais /syʁ.vi.vɛ/ | survivait /syʁ.vi.vɛ/ | survivions /syʁ.vi.vjɔ̃/ | surviviez /syʁ.vi.vje/ | survivaient /syʁ.vi.vɛ/ | |
past historic2 | survécus /syʁ.ve.ky/ | survécus /syʁ.ve.ky/ | survécut /syʁ.ve.ky/ | survécûmes /syʁ.ve.kym/ | survécûtes /syʁ.ve.kyt/ | survécurent /syʁ.ve.kyʁ/ | |
future | survivrai /syʁ.vi.vʁe/ | survivras /syʁ.vi.vʁa/ | survivra /syʁ.vi.vʁa/ | survivrons /syʁ.vi.vʁɔ̃/ | survivrez /syʁ.vi.vʁe/ | survivront /syʁ.vi.vʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | survivrais /syʁ.vi.vʁɛ/ | survivrais /syʁ.vi.vʁɛ/ | survivrait /syʁ.vi.vʁɛ/ | survivrions /syʁ.vi.vʁi.jɔ̃/ | survivriez /syʁ.vi.vʁi.je/ | survivraient /syʁ.vi.vʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | survive /syʁ.viv/ | survives /syʁ.viv/ | survive /syʁ.viv/ | survivions /syʁ.vi.vjɔ̃/ | surviviez /syʁ.vi.vje/ | survivent /syʁ.viv/ |
imperfect2 | survécusse /syʁ.ve.kys/ | survécusses /syʁ.ve.kys/ | survécût /syʁ.ve.ky/ | survécussions /syʁ.ve.ky.sjɔ̃/ | survécussiez /syʁ.ve.ky.sje/ | survécussent /syʁ.ve.kys/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | survis /syʁ.vi/ | — | survivons /syʁ.vi.vɔ̃/ | survivez /syʁ.vi.ve/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- survie
- survivant
Further reading
- “survivre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Alternative forms
- sourvivre
Etymology
From Latin supervivere. Equivalent to sur- + vivre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /syrˈvi.vrə/
Verb
survivre
- to survive (to outlive, for example a spouse)
- to survive (to continue to exist)
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of survivre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | survivre | avoir survescu | |||||
gerund | en survivant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
present participle | survivant | ||||||
past participle | survescu | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | survif | survis | survit | survivons | survivez | survivent |
imperfect | survivoie, surviveie | survivoies, surviveies | survivoit, surviveit | surviviiens, surviviens | surviviiez, surviviez | survivoient, surviveient | |
preterite | survesqui | survesquis | survesquié | survesquimes | survesquistes | survesquierent | |
future | survivrai | survivras | survivra | survivrons | survivroiz, survivreiz, survivrez | survivront | |
conditional | survivroie, survivreie | survivroies, survivreies | survivroit, survivreit | survivriiens, survivriens | survivriiez, survivriez | survivroient, survivreient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | survive | survives | survive | survivons | survivez | survivent |
imperfect | survesquisse | survesquisses | survesquist | survesquissons, survesquissiens | survesquissoiz, survesquissez, survesquissiez | survesquissent | |
compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | survif | — | survivons | survivez | — |
Descendants
- → English: survive
- French: survivre
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (sourvivre, supplement)
- survivre on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub