surplus

surplus

English

Etymology

From Middle English surplus, from Middle French surplus. Compare French surplus.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsɝˌplʌs/, /ˈsɝpləs/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈsɜːpləs/

  • Audio (RP)

    (file)

• Hyphenation: sur‧plus

Noun

surplus (countable and uncountable, plural surpluses or surplusses)

1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
3. (law) The remainder of a fund appropriated for a particular purpose.
4. (law) assets left after liabilities and debts, including capital stock have been deducted.

Synonyms

• overquantity
• oversum

Antonyms

• lack
• deficit
• shortage

Translations

excess, overplus

Albanian: tepricë (sq) f Arabic: فَائِض‎ (ar) m (fāʾiḍ) Azerbaijani: artıq (az) Belarusian: лі́шак m (líšak), лі́шніца f (líšnica), лі́шка f (líška), надме́р m (nadmjér) Bulgarian: изли́шък (bg) m (izlíšǎk) Chinese: Mandarin: 過剩／过剩 (zh) (guòshèng), 多餘／多余 (zh) (duōyú), 盈餘／盈余 (zh) (yíngyú) Czech: přebytek m, nadbytek (cs) m Danish: overskud (da) n Dutch: overschot (nl) n, surplus (nl) n Esperanto: pluso Finnish: ylijäämä (fi) French: surplus (fr) m German: Überschuss (de) m, Rest (de) m Greek: πλεόνασμα (el) n (pleónasma) Hebrew: עודף / עֹדֶף‎ ('ódef) Hungarian: fölösleg (hu), felesleg (hu), többlet (hu), maradék (hu) Irish: brabach m Italian: surplus (it) m Japanese: 余り (ja) (あまり, amari), 余剰 (ja) (じょうよ, yojō) Korean: 잉여(剩餘) (ko) (ing'yeo), 과잉(過剩) (ko) (gwaing), 잔여(殘餘) (ko) (janyeo), 흑자(黑字) (ko) (heukja) Macedonian: вишок m (višok) Maori: tuhene, tuwhene, hemihemi Norwegian: Bokmål: overskudd n Old English: oferēaca m Persian: مازاد‎ (fa) (mâzâd) Plautdietsch: Äwafluss m Polish: nadmiar (pl) m, nadwyżka (pl) f Portuguese: excesso (pt) m, excedente (pt) m Romanian: surplus (ro) n Russian: изли́шек (ru) m (izlíšek), избы́ток (ru) m (izbýtok) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: ви́шак m Roman: víšak (sh) m Slovak: prebytok m, nadbytok m Slovene: višek m Spanish: sobra (es) f Swedish: överskott (sv) n Tagalog: labis (tl) Tocharian B: atirek Turkish: artık (tr) Ukrainian: надли́шок m (nadlýšok), ли́шок m (lýšok), на́дмір m (nádmir)

funds in public treasury greater than ordinary needs

Armenian: հավելուրդ (hy) (havelurd) Catalan: superàvit m Finnish: ylijäämä (fi) French: excédentaire (fr) m Greek: πλεόνασμα (el) n (pleónasma), περίσσευμα (el) n (períssevma) Hungarian: többlet (hu), maradvány (hu), maradványkeret Japanese: 剰余金 (ja) (じょうよきん, jōyokin) Old English: oferēaca m Portuguese: excedente (pt) m, superávit (pt) m Russian: профици́т (ru) m (proficít) Spanish: superávit (es) m Swedish: överskott (sv) n Tagalog: labis (tl)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Italian: (please verify) avanzo (it) m Ukrainian: (please verify) ли́шок m (lýšok), (please verify) зайвина́ f (zajvyná), (please verify) ре́шта f (réšta)

Adjective

surplus (not comparable)

1. Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient.

   surplus population

   surplus words

   The latest shipment of goods is surplus to our needs.

   • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, Olympia Press:

     But to return to where we left her, I see her still, propped up in a kind of stupor against one of the walls in which this wretched edifice abounds, her long grey greasy hair framing in its cowl of scrofulous mats a face where pallor, languor, hunger, acne, recent dirt, immemorial chagrin and surplus hair seemed to dispute the mastery.

   • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

     An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.

Translations

being a surplus

Bulgarian: излишен (bg) (izlišen), добавъчен (bg) (dobavǎčen) Finnish: ylijäämä- (fi), ylimääräinen (fi) French: excédentaire (fr) Greek: πλεονάζων (el) m (pleonázon), παραπανήσιος (el) m (parapanísios) Maori: tuhene Norwegian: Bokmål: overflødig (no) Nynorsk: overflødig Portuguese: excedente (pt) m Russian: профицит (ru) m (proficit) Sanskrit: अतिरेक (sa) (atireka) Spanish: sobrante (es), excedente (es)

Verb

surplus (third-person singular simple present surpluses or surplusses, present participle surplussing or surplusing, simple past and past participle surplussed or surplused)

1. (transitive) To treat as surplus to requirements; to sell off or dismiss from employment, etc.
   • 1952, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations, Moroccan air base construction. 2 v (page 618)

     This employee was engaged to direct asphalt plants and inasmuch as the work for which he had been employed was completed, he was surplused and his return travel was approved […]

Anagrams

• upslurs

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Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch surplus, from Middle French surplus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsʏr.plʏs/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sur‧plus

Noun

surplus n (plural surplussen, diminutive surplusje n)

1. A surplus value, notably of money.

   Synonym: overschot

   Antonym: tekort

2. A remaining quantity, notably stock excess.

   Synonyms: restant, overschot

Derived terms

• surplusgoederen
• surplusvoorraad

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French

Etymology

From Middle French surplus, from Old French sorplus. Equivalent to sur- +‎ plus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syʁ.ply/

Noun

surplus m (plural surplus)

1. a surplus

Derived terms

• au surplus

 

Descendants

• → Italian: surplus

Further reading

• “surplus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from French surplus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /surˈplus/, /ˈsur.plus/[1]
• Rhymes: -us, -urplus
• Hyphenation: sur‧plùs, sùr‧plus

Noun

surplus m (invariable)

1. a surplus (all senses)

References

1. surplus in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

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Middle English

Noun

surplus

1. Alternative form of surplys

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Romanian

Etymology

From French surplus.

Noun

surplus n (plural surplusuri)

1. surplus

Declension

Declension of surplus

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) surplus	surplusul	(niște) surplusuri	surplusurile
genitive/dative	(unui) surplus	surplusului	(unor) surplusuri	surplusurilor
vocative	surplusule		surplusurilor