surmonter
French
Etymology
From Old French, corresponding to sur- + monter.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /syʁ.mɔ̃.te/
audio (file)
Verb
surmonter
- (transitive) to overcome, to surmount, to get over
- (transitive) to top, to crown (a building, etc.)
Conjugation
Conjugation of surmonter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | surmonter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | surmontant /syʁ.mɔ̃.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | surmonté /syʁ.mɔ̃.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | surmonte /syʁ.mɔ̃t/ | surmontes /syʁ.mɔ̃t/ | surmonte /syʁ.mɔ̃t/ | surmontons /syʁ.mɔ̃.tɔ̃/ | surmontez /syʁ.mɔ̃.te/ | surmontent /syʁ.mɔ̃t/ |
| imperfect | surmontais /syʁ.mɔ̃.tɛ/ | surmontais /syʁ.mɔ̃.tɛ/ | surmontait /syʁ.mɔ̃.tɛ/ | surmontions /syʁ.mɔ̃.tjɔ̃/ | surmontiez /syʁ.mɔ̃.tje/ | surmontaient /syʁ.mɔ̃.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | surmontai /syʁ.mɔ̃.te/ | surmontas /syʁ.mɔ̃.ta/ | surmonta /syʁ.mɔ̃.ta/ | surmontâmes /syʁ.mɔ̃.tam/ | surmontâtes /syʁ.mɔ̃.tat/ | surmontèrent /syʁ.mɔ̃.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | surmonterai /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁe/ | surmonteras /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁa/ | surmontera /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁa/ | surmonterons /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁɔ̃/ | surmonterez /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁe/ | surmonteront /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | surmonterais /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁɛ/ | surmonterais /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁɛ/ | surmonterait /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁɛ/ | surmonterions /syʁ.mɔ̃.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ | surmonteriez /syʁ.mɔ̃.tə.ʁje/ | surmonteraient /syʁ.mɔ̃.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | surmonte /syʁ.mɔ̃t/ | surmontes /syʁ.mɔ̃t/ | surmonte /syʁ.mɔ̃t/ | surmontions /syʁ.mɔ̃.tjɔ̃/ | surmontiez /syʁ.mɔ̃.tje/ | surmontent /syʁ.mɔ̃t/ |
| imperfect2 | surmontasse /syʁ.mɔ̃.tas/ | surmontasses /syʁ.mɔ̃.tas/ | surmontât /syʁ.mɔ̃.ta/ | surmontassions /syʁ.mɔ̃.ta.sjɔ̃/ | surmontassiez /syʁ.mɔ̃.ta.sje/ | surmontassent /syʁ.mɔ̃.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | surmonte /syʁ.mɔ̃t/ | — | surmontons /syʁ.mɔ̃.tɔ̃/ | surmontez /syʁ.mɔ̃.te/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms
- vaincre
- couvrir
Further reading
- “surmonter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.