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单词 absolve
释义

absolve

See also: absolvé

English

Etymology

First attested in the early 15th Century. From Middle English absolven, from Latin absolvere, present active infinitive of absolvō (“set free, acquit”), from ab (“away from”) + solvō (“loosen, free, release”). Doublet of assoil.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /əbˈzɒlv/
  • (US) IPA(key): /æbˈzɑlv/, /æbˈsɑlv/, /əbˈzɑlv/, /əbˈsɑlv/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒlv, -ɑlv

Verb

absolve (third-person singular simple present absolves, present participle absolving, simple past and past participle absolved)

  1. (transitive) To set free, release or discharge (from obligations, debts, responsibility etc.). [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
    You will absolve a subject from his allegiance.
    • 1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance”, in Essays: First Series:
      Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind. Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world.
    • 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XIV, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, OCLC 1069526323, page 410:
      The Committee divided, and Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen.
  2. (transitive, obsolete) To resolve; to explain; to solve. [Attested from the late 15th century until the mid 17th century.][1]
    • 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, lines 331-332,
      […] he that can monsters tame, laboures atchive, riddles absolve […]
    • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the blackneſſe of Negroes”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], OCLC 152706203, 6th book, page 276:
      we ſhall not abſolve the doubt.
  3. (transitive) To pronounce free from or give absolution for a penalty, blame, or guilt. [First attested in the mid 16th century.][1]
  4. (transitive, law) To pronounce not guilty; to grant a pardon for. [First attested in the mid 16th century.][1]
    • 1725, Homer; [Alexander Pope], transl., “Book XI”, in The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume III, London: […] Bernard Lintot, OCLC 8736646, line 702, page 121:
      Abſolves the juſt, and dooms the guilty ſouls.
  5. (transitive, theology) To grant a remission of sin; to give absolution to. [First attested in the mid 16th century.][1]
    • 1597, w:William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, Act 3, Scene 5:
      To make confession and to be absolved.
  6. (transitive, theology) To remit a sin; to give absolution for a sin. [First attested in the late 16th century.][1]
    • 1788, Edward Gibbon, chapter LXVII, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume VI, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], OCLC 995235880, page 447:
      In his name I abſolve your perjury and ſanctify your arms: follow my footſteps in the paths of glory and ſalvation; and if ſtill ye have ſcruples, devolve on my head the puniſhment and the ſin.
  7. (transitive, obsolete) To finish; to accomplish. [Attested from the late 16th century until the early 19th century.][1]
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book VII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554, lines 93–94:
      and the work begun, how ſoon / Abſolv'd,
  8. (transitive) To pass a course or test; to gain credit for a class; to qualify academically.

Usage notes

  • (to set free, release from obligations): Normally followed by the word from.
  • (to pronounce free from; give absolution for blame): Normally followed by the word from.

Synonyms

  • (set free): excuse, exempt, free, release
  • (pronounce free or give absolution): acquit, exculpate, exonerate, pardon, remit, vindicate
  • (theology: to pronounce free or give absolution from sin): remit

Derived terms

  • absolver
  • absolutionary
  • absolutive
  • absolutory
  • absolvatory
English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewh₃-‎ (0 c, 36 e)

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

  1. Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “absolve”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 9.

Latin

Verb

absolve

  1. second-person singular present active imperative of absolvō

Portuguese

Verb

absolve

  1. inflection of absolver:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative
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