surgeler
French
Etymology
sur- + geler.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /syʁ.ʒə.le/
Audio (file)
Verb
surgeler
- to deep-freeze
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il surgèle rather than *il surgele. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Conjugation of surgeler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | surgeler | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | surgelant /syʁ.ʒə.lɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | surgelé /syʁ.ʒə.le/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ | surgèles /syʁ.ʒɛl/ | surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ | surgelons /syʁ.ʒə.lɔ̃/ | surgelez /syʁ.ʒə.le/ | surgèlent /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
imperfect | surgelais /syʁ.ʒə.lɛ/ | surgelais /syʁ.ʒə.lɛ/ | surgelait /syʁ.ʒə.lɛ/ | surgelions /syʁ.ʒə.ljɔ̃/ | surgeliez /syʁ.ʒə.lje/ | surgelaient /syʁ.ʒə.lɛ/ | |
past historic2 | surgelai /syʁ.ʒə.le/ | surgelas /syʁ.ʒə.la/ | surgela /syʁ.ʒə.la/ | surgelâmes /syʁ.ʒə.lam/ | surgelâtes /syʁ.ʒə.lat/ | surgelèrent /syʁ.ʒə.lɛʁ/ | |
future | surgèlerai /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁe/ | surgèleras /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁa/ | surgèlera /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁa/ | surgèlerons /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɔ̃/ | surgèlerez /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁe/ | surgèleront /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | surgèlerais /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | surgèlerais /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | surgèlerait /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | surgèlerions /syʁ.ʒɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /syʁ.ʒe.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ | surgèleriez /syʁ.ʒɛ.lə.ʁje/ or /syʁ.ʒe.lə.ʁje/ | surgèleraient /syʁ.ʒɛl.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ | surgèles /syʁ.ʒɛl/ | surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ | surgelions /syʁ.ʒə.ljɔ̃/ | surgeliez /syʁ.ʒə.lje/ | surgèlent /syʁ.ʒɛl/ |
imperfect2 | surgelasse /syʁ.ʒə.las/ | surgelasses /syʁ.ʒə.las/ | surgelât /syʁ.ʒə.la/ | surgelassions /syʁ.ʒə.la.sjɔ̃/ | surgelassiez /syʁ.ʒə.la.sje/ | surgelassent /syʁ.ʒə.las/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | surgèle /syʁ.ʒɛl/ | — | surgelons /syʁ.ʒə.lɔ̃/ | surgelez /syʁ.ʒə.le/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “surgeler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.