surcar
Spanish
Etymology
From sulcar, inherited from Latin sulcāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /suɾˈkaɾ/ [suɾˈkaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: sur‧car
Verb
surcar (first-person singular present surco, first-person singular preterite surqué, past participle surcado)
- to plow
- Synonym: arar
- to navigate the seas (or air) as if ploughing them
Conjugation
Conjugation of surcar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | surcar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | surcando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | surcado | surcada | |||||
plural | surcados | surcadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | surco | surcastú surcásvos | surca | surcamos | surcáis | surcan | |
imperfect | surcaba | surcabas | surcaba | surcábamos | surcabais | surcaban | |
preterite | surqué | surcaste | surcó | surcamos | surcasteis | surcaron | |
future | surcaré | surcarás | surcará | surcaremos | surcaréis | surcarán | |
conditional | surcaría | surcarías | surcaría | surcaríamos | surcaríais | surcarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | surque | surquestú surquésvos2 | surque | surquemos | surquéis | surquen | |
imperfect (ra) | surcara | surcaras | surcara | surcáramos | surcarais | surcaran | |
imperfect (se) | surcase | surcases | surcase | surcásemos | surcaseis | surcasen | |
future1 | surcare | surcares | surcare | surcáremos | surcareis | surcaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | surcatú surcávos | surque | surquemos | surcad | surquen | ||
negative | no surques | no surque | no surquemos | no surquéis | no surquen |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of surcar (c-qu alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive surcar | |||||||
dative | surcarme | surcarte | surcarle, surcarse | surcarnos | surcaros | surcarles, surcarse | |
accusative | surcarme | surcarte | surcarlo, surcarla, surcarse | surcarnos | surcaros | surcarlos, surcarlas, surcarse | |
with gerund surcando | |||||||
dative | surcándome | surcándote | surcándole, surcándose | surcándonos | surcándoos | surcándoles, surcándose | |
accusative | surcándome | surcándote | surcándolo, surcándola, surcándose | surcándonos | surcándoos | surcándolos, surcándolas, surcándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative surca | |||||||
dative | súrcame | súrcate | súrcale | súrcanos | not used | súrcales | |
accusative | súrcame | súrcate | súrcalo, súrcala | súrcanos | not used | súrcalos, súrcalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative surcá | |||||||
dative | surcame | surcate | surcale | surcanos | not used | surcales | |
accusative | surcame | surcate | surcalo, surcala | surcanos | not used | surcalos, surcalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative surque | |||||||
dative | súrqueme | not used | súrquele, súrquese | súrquenos | not used | súrqueles | |
accusative | súrqueme | not used | súrquelo, súrquela, súrquese | súrquenos | not used | súrquelos, súrquelas | |
with first-person plural imperative surquemos | |||||||
dative | not used | surquémoste | surquémosle | surquémonos | surquémoos | surquémosles | |
accusative | not used | surquémoste | surquémoslo, surquémosla | surquémonos | surquémoos | surquémoslos, surquémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative surcad | |||||||
dative | surcadme | not used | surcadle | surcadnos | surcaos | surcadles | |
accusative | surcadme | not used | surcadlo, surcadla | surcadnos | surcaos | surcadlos, surcadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative surquen | |||||||
dative | súrquenme | not used | súrquenle | súrquennos | not used | súrquenles, súrquense | |
accusative | súrquenme | not used | súrquenlo, súrquenla | súrquennos | not used | súrquenlos, súrquenlas, súrquense |
Further reading
- “surcar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014