super
See also: Super, súper, súpeř, süper, super-, and supèr-
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈs(j)uːpə(ɹ)/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈsupɚ/
Audio (CAN) (file) Audio (UK) (file) Audio (AUS) (file) - Rhymes: -uːpə(ɹ)
- Homophone: souper (one pronunciation)
- Hyphenation: su‧per
Etymology 1
From super- (prefix), from Middle English super-, from Latin super-, from super (“above”), from Pre-Italic or Proto-Indo-European *eks-uper, from *eḱs (“out of”) (English ex-), from *h₁eǵʰs + *uperi (English over). Cognate to hyper, from Ancient Greek.
Adjective
super (not comparable)
- Of excellent quality, superfine.
- better than average, better than usual; wonderful.
Synonyms
- (better): awesome, excellent
Derived terms
- super-duper
Related terms
- super-
Translations
better than usual
|
Adverb
super (not comparable)
- (informal) Very; extremely (used like the prefix super-).
- The party was super awesome.
- 1992 March 14, The Canberra Times, page 9, column 2:
- The job is super interesting for a person who enjoys a hardware environment and communicating with people.
- 2022 November 18, Ryan Mac; Mike Isaac; Kellen Browning, quoting Elon Musk, “Elon Musk’s Twitter Teeters on the Edge After Another 1,200 Leave”, in The New York Times, ISSN 0362-4331:
- “The best people are staying, so I’m not super worried,” he tweeted.
Etymology 2
Abbreviation by shortening.
Noun
super (plural supers)
- (Australia, New Zealand, informal) Short for superannuation.
- Jane looked forward to collecting a large super payout when she retired.
- Short for supercomputer.
- 1989, Kai Hwang, Doug DeGroot, Parallel processing for supercomputers and artificial intelligence
- The performances and cost ranges of three classes of commercial supercomputers are given in Table 2.1. The full-scale supers are the most expensive class, represented by Cray, ETA, and Fujitsu systems, for example.
- 1989, Kai Hwang, Doug DeGroot, Parallel processing for supercomputers and artificial intelligence
- (comics, slang) Short for superhero.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:super.
- (beekeeping) Short for superhive.
- 1983, Sue Hubbell, A Country Year: Living the Questions, Boston, MA: Mariner Books, published 1999, →ISBN, page 69:
- There may be thirty to fifty supers in every outyard, and we have only about half an hour to get them off the hives, stacked and covered before the bees get really cross about what we are doing.
-
- (informal, US) Short for superintendent, especially, a building's resident manager (sometimes clarified as “building super”).
- (neologism) Short for supernaturalist, especially as distinguished from bright.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:super.
- Short for supernumerary; (theater) specifically, a supernumerary actor.
- 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 2, in The Affair at the Novelty Theatre:
- For this scene, a large number of supers are engaged, and in order to further swell the crowd, practically all the available stage hands have to ‘walk on’ dressed in various coloured dominoes, and all wearing masks.
- 1916, Ring W. Lardner, “Three Kings and a Pair”, in The Saturday Evening Post:
- The piece was gave by a bunch o’ supers the time I went. I’d like to see it with a real cast. They say it’s a whiz when it’s acted right.
-
- Short for supertanker.
- 1973, Jeffrey Potter, Disaster by Oil (page 46)
- That is a lot of ship, about the size of big tankers before they grew so rapidly to become supers, mammoths and oilbergs.
- 1973, Jeffrey Potter, Disaster by Oil (page 46)
- Short for supervisor.
Verb
super (third-person singular simple present supers, present participle supering, simple past and past participle supered)
- (beekeeping) Short for superhive.
- 1917 Dadant, C. P., First Lessons in Beekeeping; revised & rewritten edition, 1968, by M. G. Dadant and J. C. Dadant, p 73:
- The question is: when is the best time to super?
- 1917 Dadant, C. P., First Lessons in Beekeeping; revised & rewritten edition, 1968, by M. G. Dadant and J. C. Dadant, p 73:
- (television) Short for superimpose.
- 1987, Television Quarterly (volumes 23-24)
- Even running a supered "Re-enactment" caption for a few seconds is poor policy, he feels […]
- 1987, Television Quarterly (volumes 23-24)
Anagrams
- Pre-Us, Purse, Rupes, puers, pures, purse, re-ups, reups, rupes, sprue
Czech
Etymology
Borrowed from English super, French super, from Latin super.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsupɛr]
Adjective
super (indeclinable)
- (informal) super, great
- Můj brácha si koupil super auto, to musíš vidět!
- Ten výlet byl prostě super!
Usage notes
This word is slightly more formal than supr, yet still informal.
Synonyms
- supr
See also
- vynikající
Interjection
super
- (informal) super
Synonyms
- supr
Further reading
- super in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu
Danish
Etymology
Borrowed via English super from Latin super (“over”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsuˀb̥ɐ]
Adjective
super (neuter super or supert, plural super or (unofficial) supre)
- (informal) terrific
Adverb
super
- (informal) very
Synonyms
- herre
- mega
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from English super, ultimately from Latin super.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsy.pər/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: su‧per
Adverb
super
- (informal) very, extremely, super
- De kunststofuitvoering is wel super duur.
- The plastic version is super expensive.
Derived terms
- superheld
- superkracht
- superlijm
Adjective
super (not comparable)
- great, super
- Die nieuwe karts zijn super.
- Those new karts are great.
Inflection
| Inflection of super | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uninflected | super | |||
| inflected | super | |||
| comparative | — | |||
| positive | ||||
| predicative/adverbial | super | |||
| indefinite | m./f. sing. | super | ||
| n. sing. | super | |||
| plural | super | |||
| definite | super | |||
| partitive | supers | |||
Related terms
- hyper
- over
Esperanto
Etymology
From Latin super.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsuper]
- Audio:
(file) - Rhymes: -uper
- Hyphenation: su‧per
Preposition
super
- above
Antonyms
- sub
French
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Latin super. Doublet of the inherited sur. See also hyper, borrowed from Ancient Greek.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sy.pɛʁ/
Adjective
super (invariable)
- superb, great
Derived terms
- super amas stellaire
- super-amas d'étoiles
- super-amas stellaire
- super combiné
Descendants
- → Turkish: süper
Adverb
super
- (informal) extremely, very (as an intensifier)
- Il est super beau
- he's very handsome
Synonyms
- vachement
- hyper
Interjection
super
- great, fantastic
Related terms
- super-
Etymology 2
Probably a borrowing from a Germanic language, from *sūpaną (“to sip, sup”). If so then doublet of souper.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sy.pe/
Verb
super
- (regional) to suck, to sip
Conjugation
Conjugation of super (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | super | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | supant /sy.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | supé /sy.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | supe /syp/ | supes /syp/ | supe /syp/ | supons /sy.pɔ̃/ | supez /sy.pe/ | supent /syp/ |
| imperfect | supais /sy.pɛ/ | supais /sy.pɛ/ | supait /sy.pɛ/ | supions /sy.pjɔ̃/ | supiez /sy.pje/ | supaient /sy.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | supai /sy.pe/ | supas /sy.pa/ | supa /sy.pa/ | supâmes /sy.pam/ | supâtes /sy.pat/ | supèrent /sy.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | superai /sy.pʁe/ | superas /sy.pʁa/ | supera /sy.pʁa/ | superons /sy.pʁɔ̃/ | superez /sy.pʁe/ | superont /sy.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | superais /sy.pʁɛ/ | superais /sy.pʁɛ/ | superait /sy.pʁɛ/ | superions /sy.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ | superiez /sy.pə.ʁje/ | superaient /sy.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | supe /syp/ | supes /syp/ | supe /syp/ | supions /sy.pjɔ̃/ | supiez /sy.pje/ | supent /syp/ |
| imperfect2 | supasse /sy.pas/ | supasses /sy.pas/ | supât /sy.pa/ | supassions /sy.pa.sjɔ̃/ | supassiez /sy.pa.sje/ | supassent /sy.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | supe /syp/ | — | supons /sy.pɔ̃/ | supez /sy.pe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “super”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- peurs, pures, repus, rupes
German
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin super; modern usage influenced by English super.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈzuːpɐ/
Audio (file)
Adjective
super (strong nominative masculine singular superer, not comparable)
- (colloquial) super, great, awesome
- Synonyms: klasse, spitze
Usage notes
In the standard language, super is indeclinable; it is only rarely declined in colloquial usage.
Declension
Positive forms of super (uncomparable)
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
| predicative | er ist super | sie ist super | es ist super | sie sind super | |
| strong declension (without article) | nominative | superer | supere | superes | supere |
| genitive | superen | superer | superen | superer | |
| dative | superem | superer | superem | superen | |
| accusative | superen | supere | superes | supere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) | nominative | der supere | die supere | das supere | die superen |
| genitive | des superen | der superen | des superen | der superen | |
| dative | dem superen | der superen | dem superen | den superen | |
| accusative | den superen | die supere | das supere | die superen | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) | nominative | ein superer | eine supere | ein superes | (keine) superen |
| genitive | eines superen | einer superen | eines superen | (keiner) superen | |
| dative | einem superen | einer superen | einem superen | (keinen) superen | |
| accusative | einen superen | eine supere | ein superes | (keine) superen | |
Derived terms
- supi
Further reading
- “super” in Duden online
- “super” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Interlingua
Preposition
super
- about (focused on a given topic)
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin super. Cf. sopra.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsu.per/
- Rhymes: -uper
- Hyphenation: sù‧per
Adjective
super (invariable)
- super
Noun
super m (invariable)
- the best
- superphosphate
Noun
super f (invariable)
- the best grade of petrol
Anagrams
- pruse, ruspe, sprue
Latin
FWOTD – 16 August 2013
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *super, from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”). The latter is cognate to Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “above”) and Proto-Germanic *uber (English over).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈsu.per/, [ˈs̠ʊpɛr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈsu.per/, [ˈsuːper]
Preposition
super (+ accusative, ablative)
- (with accusative) [of place] above, on the top of, upon
- Cibus super mensam est.
- The food is on the table.
- Cibus super mensam est.
- (with accusative) [of place] above, beyond
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis 1:2:
- terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas
- And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.
- terra autem erat inanis et vacua et tenebrae super faciem abyssi et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas
- (with accusative) [of measure] above, beyond, over, in addition to
- (with ablative) concerning, regarding
Usage notes
- Used in many compound words, see super-.
Adverb
super (not comparable)
- above, on top, over
- upwards
- moreover, in addition, besides, on top of this, too, also
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.29:
- Hīs accēnsa super [...]
- [Juno] having been inflamed by these [things] in addition [...]
Or, translated more plainly:
With all of this angering her [...]
(See: Juno (mythology).)
- [Juno] having been inflamed by these [things] in addition [...]
- Hīs accēnsa super [...]
Quotations
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:super.
Antonyms
- sub
Derived terms
- dēsuper
- insuper
- super-
- superbus
- superior
- supernus
- supersum
- superus
- suprā
Descendants
- Asturian: sobre
- Catalan: sobre, → súper
- → Czech: super, supr
- → English: super
- → Polish: super
- → French: super
- Galician: sobre
- German: super
- Italian: sopra, super
- Romanian: spre
- Occitan: subre
- Old French: seur
- Middle French: sur
- French: sur
- Middle French: sur
- Portuguese: sobre, super, súper
- Sardinian: subre
- Spanish: sobre, super
- → Russian: супер (super)
References
- “super”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “super”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- super in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- the river is over its banks, is in flood: flumen super ripas effunditur
- the river is over its banks, is in flood: flumen super ripas effunditur
- super in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from English super.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsu.pɛr/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -upɛr
- Syllabification: su‧per
Adjective
super (not comparable)
- (colloquial) great, excellent
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dobry
Adverb
super (not comparable)
- (colloquial) excellently
See also
- super-
Further reading
- super in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- super in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Alternative forms
- súper (prescribed)
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin super; cf. also English super. Doublet of the inherited sobre.
Adverb
super (not comparable)
- (informal) super, very (intensifier)
- super fixe
- very nice
- Synonyms: muito, bastante, bué, mega
Adjective
super (invariable)
- super
Romanian
Etymology
From French super.
Adjective
super m or f or n (indeclinable)
- superb, great
Declension
Declension of super (invariable)
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
| nominative/ accusative | indefinite | super | super | super | super | ||
| definite | — | — | — | — | |||
| genitive/ dative | indefinite | super | super | super | super | ||
| definite | — | — | — | — | |||
Adverb
super
- superbly
Sardinian
Alternative forms
- suber
- supre
- subre
Etymology
From Latin super.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /super/
Preposition
super
- on, on top of, above
- Synonym: supra
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin super; cf. also English super. Doublet of the inherited sobre.
Adjective
super (invariable)
- (intensifier) very, mega
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²sʉːpɛr/
Verb
super
- present tense of supa.
Adjective
super (not comparable)
- perfect, super, excellent, great
- det blir super! ― that's going to be great!
Declension
Only used predicatively.