sugar

See also: Sugar and sugár

English

Sugar in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Alternative forms

shugar (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English sugre, sucre, from Middle French sucre, from Old French çucre (circa 13th century), from Old Italian zúccharo or more likely Old Catalan sucre, either way from Arabic سُكَّر‎ (sukkar), from Persian ‎ (šakar), from Middle Persian [script needed] (škl), 𐫢𐫞𐫡‎ (šqr /šakar/), from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar", originally "grit, gravel”). Akin to Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebble”). Doublet of jaggery and sucro-.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ)/
(General American) enPR: sho͝ogʹər, IPA^(key): /ˈʃʊɡɚ/
Audio (UK) (file)
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ʊɡə(ɹ)

Noun

sugar (countable and uncountable, plural sugars)

(uncountable) Sucrose in the form of small crystals, obtained from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink.
- 1792, Francis Collingwood, The universal cook: and city and country housekeeper‎:
  To a pound of gooseberries take a pound and a half of double-refined sugar. Clarify the sugar with water, a pint to a pound of sugar, and when the syrup is cold, put the gooseberries single in your preserving pan, put the syrup to them, and set them on a gentle fire.
- 1895 April 1, “The Present Crisis”, in The Sugar Cane‎, volume 27, number 309, page 171:
  There appears to be no prospect of success in attempting to combat the crisis by international arrangement, and any improvement in sugar prices can only be looked for from a diminution of the production, either as a consequence of deficient crops, or of a reduction in manufacture.
- 2013, Robert Paarlberg, Food Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know?‎:
  Even in extreme cases such as chemical pollution in the Florida Everglades from heavily subsidized sugar farming, strong regulations are routinely blocked by industry.
(countable) A specific variety of sugar.
- 1915 September 18, “Drying Sugars Essential to Their Preservation”, in The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer‎, volume 55:
  The experience of sugar planters in Louisiana this year in holding their sugars in warehouse for future sales at better prices has revealed again, as it has done heretofore, the fact that the presence of moisture in the sugars is inimical to their maintaining their standard of quality
(countable, chemistry) Any of various small carbohydrates that are used by organisms to store energy.
Hypernyms: see Thesaurus:carbohydrate
- 1942, James E. Kraus, Effects of partial defoliation at transplanting time on subsequent‎:
  At the end of the second week there were less reducing sugars in the unpruned plants than in the previous week, but those in the pruned plants were the same.
- 1994, Peter J. Van Soest, Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant‎:
  Generally speaking, plants have a much greater variety of sugars and linkages than animal tissues have.
- 1998, A.J. Harborne, Phytochemical Methods A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis‎:
  The major free sugars in plants are the monosaccharides, glucose and fructose (and the disaccharide sucros), together with traces of xylose, rhamnose and galactose.
- 2007, Ajit Varma, Plant Surface Microbiology‎:
  Although H. bertonii relies on scale insects to prepare its parasitism site on plants, it directly absorbs and utilizes plant sugars.
(countable) A small serving of this substance (typically about one teaspoon), used to sweeten a drink.
- 1916, Cosmo Hamilton, “Miss Fanny Goes to Great Lengths”, in The World To-day: A Monthly Record of Human Progress‎, volume 30:
  “A slice of lemon and two sugars, please.” “You needn't have said that. I know how you like your tea. I know how you like everything.”
- 1993, Groundhog Day, spoken by Phil (Bill Murray), 1:13:03 from the start:
  Skim milk, two sugar.
- 2016, Ameera Patel, Outside the Lines‎:
  Then there are the coffees, one with two sweeteners and no milk, one with one sweetener and milk, one with three sugars and a dash of milk, one with one sugar and lots of milk and finally her Uncle Samad who says that anything is fine.
He usually has his coffee white with one sugar.
(countable) A term of endearment.
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sweetheart
I'll be with you in a moment, sugar.
- 1969, “Sugar, Sugar”, in Everything's Archie, performed by The Archies:
  Sugar, ah honey honey / You are my candy girl / And you've got me wanting you
(uncountable, slang) Affection shown by kisses or kissing.
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:buss
- 1992, Army of Darkness, spoken by Ash Williams (Bruce Campbell):
  Gimme some sugar, baby.
(chiefly southern US, slang, uncountable) Effeminacy in a male, often implying homosexuality.
- 1998, Lene Østermark-Johansen, Sweetness and Strength, →ISBN:
  There are depths and heights of beauty in him beyond tears - but there is no sugar, not even any honey.
- 1999, Peggy J. Rudd, My Husband Wears My Clothes, →ISBN:
  The crossdresser is showing the desire to be "sugar and spice" through feminine clothing and through the expression of feminine feelings.
- 2008, Reuben A. Buford May, Living Through the Hoop, →ISBN:
  Because of Patrick's mannerisms, the players teased him by referring to him as “Sweetness” or saying that he had “sugar” in his pants.
I think John has a little bit of sugar in him.
(uncountable, informal) Diabetes.
- 2002, Mrs Sheila Hillier & David Kelleher, Researching Cultural Differences in Health, →ISBN, page 94:
  One respondent said that he had been told by his doctor that he had 'sugar' and diabetes, thus affirming for him the distinctiveness of the two illnesses. The distinction made sense to some of them as the relationship between diabetes and 'sugar' seemed to relate to their experiences of the West Indies, where 'sugar' was believed to be rare and diabetes common.
- 2003, Tom Lee, Above All We Ask Or Think, →ISBN, page 53:
  The veterinarian said his real problem was that he had sugar, and not to concentrate on the problem with his eyes.
- 2004, Diane M. Parker & Ruth E. Mark, Reflections on a Life with Diabetes: A Memoir in Many Voices, →ISBN, page 57:
  Don't you love it when you start a new Disease - the pamphlets, the prescriptions, the attention? And the past turning ironic, cloudy, as if you'd added a chemical - my house painter saying he has sugar, reminding me of my mother demanding the sweet drool from every baby.
- 2008, De'lois Washington McMillan, Suppose Jesus Had Thrown in the Towel and Given Up on Us, →ISBN:
  The doctor told me I had sugar and would have to take pills.
- 2012, Bert Fraser-Reid, From Sugar to Splenda, →ISBN:
  The memorable event was watching my father test urine, his or that of sundry other folks who had “sugar”, as diabetes was known in the rural hills of Jamaica where I grew up.
(dated) Anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance, especially in chemistry.
- 1717, M. de Fontenelle, “Upon the Iron of Plants”, in The Lives of the French, Italian and German Philosophers‎:
  Mons. Lemery is of Opinion that Sweetness proceeds from a close Mixture of an Acid with a Sulphur, or with an Oyl that temperates and corrects it; he supports his Conjecture by the instance of Sugar of Saturn, so called from its Sweetness, which is Lead, a Metal insipid in its self, but very Sulphureous, dissolved by an Acid.
- 1788, E. Cullen, “Of Magnesia”, in Physical and chemical essays‎, volume 1, translation of original by Torbern Olof Bergman, page 448:
  The fluor acid, the acid of sugar, of phosphorus, and vitriol, separate magnelia from the acid of arsenic; but the acid of tartar, united with arsenicated magnesia, is generally found to compose a triple salt.
- 1904, “Process of Making Milk Sugar”, in The American Sugar Industry and Beer Sugar Gazette‎, volume 6, page 392:
  Sugar of milk is now produced by partly chemical means from milk-whey, the product being about two and a half pounds per hundred pounds of whey.
Sugar of lead (lead acetate) is a poisonous white crystalline substance with a sweet taste.
Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words.
(US, slang, uncountable) Heroin.
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:heroin
(US, slang, uncountable, dated) Money.
(programming) Syntactic sugar.
- 2005, Bruce Ian Mills, Theoretical Introduction to Programming (page 180)
  However, this bookkeeping is much less local syntax and sugar.

Hyponyms

Hyponyms of sugar (noun)

5-nitro-2-propoxyaniline
aldose
alitame
allose
altrose
amylose
arabinose
aspartame
carbohydrate
cellulose
cyclamate
decose
demerara
dextrose
dulcin
erythritol
erythrose
erythrulose
fructose
fucose
furanose
galactose
glucose
glycyrrhizin
gulose
heptose
hexose
idose
inulin
isomalt
ketose
lactilol
lactose
lyxose
maltitol
maltose
mannitol
mannose
monellin
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
neotame
nonose
octose
pentose
polyol
psicose
pyranose
rhamnose
ribose
ribulose
saccharide
saccharin
sedoheptulose
sorbitol
sorbose
stachyose
steviol glycoside
sucralose
sucrose
tagatose
talose
tetrose
thaumatin
threose
trehalose
triose
volemitol
xylitol
xylose
xylulose

Meronyms

Meronyms of sugar (noun)

agave syrup
barley malt syrup
birch syrup
blanco directo
brazzein
brown rice syrup
caramel
corn syrup
fruit syrup
golden syrup
goor, gur
high fructose corn syrup
holing cane
honey
jaggery
karupatti
lugduname
maple syrup
mizuame
molasses
muscovado
panela
panocha, panoche
rum
Steen's cane syrup
stevia
sweetener
sweet sorghum
syrup
treacle
turbinado

Derived terms

10x sugar
acid of sugar
acorn sugar
ambered sugar
amino sugar, aminosugar
anhydrosugar
anhydrous sugar
animal sugar
aphis-sugar
as sweet as sugar, sweet as sugar
baker's sugar
Barbados sugar
barley sugar, barley-sugar
bar sugar
bastard sugar
beechwood sugar
beetroot sugar
beet sugar, beet-sugar
berry sugar
besugar
birch sugar
black sugar
blanch sugar
blood sugar
blown sugar
boiled sugar
brain sugar
brown sugar
burnt sugar
candied sugar
candy sugar
cane sugar, cane-sugar
caramelised sugar, caramelized sugar
caramel sugar
caster sugar, castor sugar
CDP-sugar
centrifugal sugar
cinnamon sugar
clarified sugar
clayed sugar
coarse sugar
coffee sugar
colored sugar crystals
compound sugar
compressible sugar
confectioner's sugar, confectioners' sugar
corn sugar
corn sugar syrup
cracked sugar
crashed sugar
crude sugar
crushed sugar
crystalline sugar
crystallisable sugar, crystallizable sugar
crystallised sugar, crystallized sugar
crystal sugar
culinary sugar
cytidine diphosphosugar
date sugar, date-sugar
dehydrosugar
demerara sugar
deoxy sugar, desoxy sugar
desugar
diabetes sugar, diabetic sugar
double-refined sugar
double sugar
dTDP-sugar
English sugar
essence of sugar
feathered sugar
female sugar
fluid sugar
flying sugar
form sugar
free sugar
fruit sugar, fruit-sugar
gelatin sugar
granular sugar
granulated sugar
grape sugar, grape-sugar
green sugar
hard sugar
heart sugar
heavy sugar
hepatic sugar
high sugar
horse sugar
icing sugar
inverted sugar
invert sugar
kitchen sugar
lead-sugar
licorice sugar
liquid sugar
liver-sugar
loaf sugar, loaf-sugar
low sugar
lump of sugar
lump sugar
male sugar
malt sugar, malt-sugar
manna sugar
maple sugar, maple-sugar
milk sugar, milk-sugar
mill white sugar
modified Sheather's sugar flotation method
moist sugar
mountain-ash sugar
Mount Sugarloaf
muscle sugar
muscovado sugar
mushroom sugar
natural sugar
neither sugar nor salt
nest sugar, nest-sugar
nibbed sugar
nib sugar
nitrosugar
non-sugar, nonsugar
not made of sugar or salt
nucleoside-diphosphate sugar
oil sugar
palm sugar, palm-sugar
pearled sugar
pearl sugar
pectin sugar
perilla sugar
phosphosugar
pine sugar
polyisoprenyl phosphate sugar
potato sugar, potato-sugar
pounded sugar
powdered sugar
powder sugar
preserving sugar
pulled sugar
raw sugar
reducing sugar
refined sugar
refining sugar
refuse sugar
residual sugar
rimming sugar
RNA sugar
rock sugar
sanding sugar
sifted sugar
simple sugar
soft sugar
sorghum sugar
specific soluble sugar
spun sugar
stamped sugar
starch sugar
store sugar
strained sugar
strike of sugar
sugar-acarus
sugar acid
Sugar Act
sugar alcohol
sugar aldehyde
sugarallie, sugarally, sugarellie, sugarolly
sugar almond, sugar-almond
sugar and honey
Sugar and Molasses Act
sugar-ant
sugar apple, sugar-apple
sugar aquatint
sugar-babe, sugar baby, sugar-baby
sugarbag, sugar-bag
sugar-bakehouse
sugar-baker
sugar-bakery
sugar band
sugar basin
sugar bean, sugar-bean
sugar beet
sugar berg
sugar berry, sugar-berry, sugarberry
sugar-birch
sugar bird, sugar-bird, sugarbird
sugar block
sugar boogers
sugar bowl
sugar-box
sugar-bread
sugar brother
sugar bush, sugar-bush, sugarbush
sugar-butter sauce
sugar buzz
sugar-cake
sugar camp, sugar-camp
sugar candian, sugar-candian
sugar-candied
sugar candy, sugar-candy
sugar cane, sugar-cane, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
sugar card
sugar-caster
sugar cataract
sugar chain
sugar charcoal
sugar-chest
Sugar City
sugar-coat, sugarcoat
sugar-cone
sugar cookie
sugar core
sugar corn
Sugarcreek
Sugar Creek
sugar-creeper
Sugar Crisp
sugar-crusher
sugar crust
sugar cube, sugar-cube
sugar-cured
sugar daddy
sugar diabetes
sugar-disease
sugar-eater
sugar ester
sugar-free
sugar fungus
sugar-garden
sugargerry
sugar glass
sugar glider
sugar grass, sugar-grass
sugar grove
Sugar Grove
sugar gum, sugar-gum
sugar hackberry
sugar high
Sugar Hill
sugar honey ice tea
sugar-house, sugarhouse
sugar-icing liver
sugar indigestion
sugarish
sugar kelp
Sugar Land
Sugarland Run
sugarleaf
sugarless
sugar-like
sugar-lime
sugar loaf, sugar-loaf, sugarloaf
sugar-louse
sugar lump, sugar-lump
sugarly
sugar mama, sugar mamma, sugar momma, sugar mummy
sugar-man
sugar maple, sugar-maple
sugar-meat
sugar melon, sugar-melon
sugar mill
sugar-millet
sugar mimic
sugar mite, sugar-mite
Sugar Mountain
sugar mouse
sugar nib
sugar nip
sugar nippers
sugar-non-specific nuclease
Sugar Notch
sugar of acorns
sugar of Alisaunder
sugar of Babylon
sugar of Barbary
sugar of Candy
sugar of Cipre
sugar of flesh
sugar of iron
sugar of lead
sugar of Marrokes
sugar of milk
sugar of muscle
sugar of Saturn
sugar of steel
sugar on snow, sugar-on-snow
sugar orchard, sugar-orchard
sugar palm
sugar paper, sugar-paper
sugar pea
sugar-pear
sugar pease
sugar-pellet
sugar-penide
sugar-phosphatase
sugar-pie
sugar pill
sugar pine, sugar-pine
sugar plantation
sugar-plate
sugar plum, sugar-plum, sugarplum
sugar pucker
sugar puff
Sugar Puffs
sugar-pumpkin
sugar push
sugar quartz
sugar rag
sugar-reed
sugar-refiner
sugar refinery, sugar-refinery
sugar-refining
sugar residue
Sugar River
sugar-roll
sugar-roset
sugar royal
sugar rush
sugar sack
sugar sand
sugar-sensitivity
sugar shack, sugar shanty
sugar shell
sugar sifter
Sugar Smacks
sugar snap, sugar snap pea
sugar snow
sugar-snuff
sugar soap
sugar-sop
sugar sorghum
sugar-spar
sugar-spirit
sugar spoon
sugar squirrel
sugar stick
sugar substitute
sugar sumac
sugar-sweet
sugar syrup
sugar-teat
sugar test
sugar thermometer
sugartime
sugar tit, sugar-tit
sugar tongs
sugar tree, sugar-tree
sugar trough
sugar tumor, sugar tumour
Sugar Valley
sugar vase
sugar-vinegar
sugar-wash
sugar water
sugar-weather
sugar weed
sugar-wood
sugar-work
sugar-worm
sugar-wrack
sugary
superfine sugar
superior sugar
Super Sugar Crisp
syntactic sugar
table sugar
threshold sugar
triple sugar iron agar
true sugar
turbinado sugar
uncrystallisable sugar, uncrystallizable sugar
unrefined sugar
urine sugar
vanilla sugar
white sugar
wood sugar, wood-sugar
yellow sugar

Descendants

Descendants of sugar in other languages

Tok Pisin: suga
→ Abenaki: sogal
→ Cree: ᓲᑳᐤ (sookaaw)
→ Fijian: suka
→ Gilbertese: tioka
→ Inuktitut: ᓱᑲᒃ (sokak)
→ Malecite-Passamaquoddy: sukol (or from French)
→ Maori: huka
→ Marshallese: juga
→ Samoan: suka
→ Shona: shuga
→ Sotho: tswekere
→ Tlingit: shóogaa
→ Tongan: suka
→ Tsonga: chukela
→ Tswana: sukiri
→ Unami: shukël (or from Dutch)
→ Wallisian: suka
→ Zulu: ushukela

Translations

See sugar/translations § Noun.

Verb

sugar (third-person singular simple present sugars, present participle sugaring, simple past and past participle sugared)

(transitive) To add sugar to; to sweeten with sugar.
- 1876, Emilie Foster, Teddy and His Friends‎:
  See, I've put sugar-plums on his coat for fancy buttons, sugared his shirt-frill, and put on a red almond to his hat-front.
- 1905, “The Duke of Castle Blanco”, in The Quiver‎, page 1007:
  "There spoke the real British scorn," she said, sugaring her tea, "the fine British contempt for every other nation."
- 2002, Frank Tallis, Hidden Minds: A History of the Unconscious‎:
  Moreover, the residents recalled that the aristocrat's pet canary had become like a personal retainer, waking his master in the morning and sugaring his drink.
John heavily sugars his coffee.
(transitive) To make (something unpleasant) seem less so.
- 1890, Anson De Puy Van Buren, Michigan in her pioneer politics:
  He also published the "Weekly Recorder," an indefinite title, which was his way of sugaring what soon became in the region where it was published, Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, a very bitter pill.
- 1917, Mrs. Florence Guertin Tuttle, Give My Love to Maria‎:
  She shook her head sadly at him. "No, it won't do, Arthur. I'm not in a mood to be sugared."
- 2001, Graham Fraser, René Lévesque and the Parti Québécois in Power‎:
  But step by step, aided by Claude Morin's arguments, Lévesque had led the party through the process of sugaring what he saw as the pill of independence.
She has a gift for sugaring what would otherwise be harsh words.
(US, Canada, regional) In making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down the syrup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or reach the state of granulation; with the preposition off.
- 1851, J. D. H., “On Making Maple Syrup”, in The Ohio Cultivator, volume 7, page 91:
  To sugar off, I prefer using a kettle that will hold about half a. barrel; and boil over a brisk, steady fire, till on dropping some of the syrup into cold water it will break like glass, then dip it into wooden trays to cool, and when it is grained stir it briskly.
- 1994, “Sugaring Off”, in Nindinawemaagan Giwitaa'ayeyii, volume 6, page 55:
  A long time ago my grandmother and I used to boil maple sap. When she sugared off, I stood there.
- 2004, Lois Sakany, Canada: A Primary Source Cultural Guide‎:
  During the spring in Quebec and Ontario, maple syrup is harvested, or "sugared off," a process which is usually celebrated as a social event.
(entomology) To apply sugar to trees or plants in order to catch moths.
- 1876, W. Sandison, “Note on sugaring”, in The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine‎, volume 12, page 207:
  Some entomologists assert that it is useless to sugar when ivy is in bloom.
- 1921, Arthur Herbert Savory, Grain and Chaff from an English Manor‎:
  The latter are best taken by "sugaring" — painting patches of mixed beer and sugar on a series of tree trunks, and making several rounds at twilight with a lantern and a cyanide bottle.
- 2006, William J. Sutherland, Ecological Census Techniques: A Handbook‎:
  Sugaring attracts some species of moth that do not readily come to light.
(programming, transitive) To rewrite (source code) using syntactic sugar.
- 2002, "Jonathan Bromley", Fixed point arithmetic (on newsgroup comp.arch.fpga)
  You can sugar the syntax of constants thus: […]
- 2006, "Neil Madden", Re: Closures (on newsgroup comp.lang.tcl)
  Sure, you could sugar the latter to look like the former (effectively implementing closures as objects), but it seems simpler to just allow the former.
(transitive) To compliment (a person).
To remove hair using a paste of sugar, water, and lemon juice.

Synonyms

(add sugar to): sweeten
(make less unpleasant): sweeten, sugar-coat

Derived terms

sugared
sugarer
sugaring
sugar off
sugar the pill

Translations

to add sugar to, to sweeten

Arabic:
Hijazi Arabic: حَلَّى‎ (ḥalla)
Armenian: please add this translation if you can
Chinese:
Mandarin: 加甜 (zh) (jiātián), 加糖 (jiātáng)
Danish: søde
Esperanto: sukeri
Finnish: sokeroida (fi)
French: sucrer (fr)
Galician: adozar (gl), azucrar (gl)
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: zuckern (de)
Hungarian: cukroz (hu)
Italian: zuccherare (it)
Persian: شیرین کردن‎ (širin kardan)
Piedmontese: sucré
Polish: słodzić (pl) impf, posłodzić pf
Portuguese: açucarar (pt)
Romanian: îndulci (ro)
Russian: са́харить (ru) impf (sáxaritʹ), поса́харить (ru) pf (posáxaritʹ)
Slovene: sladkati
Spanish: azucarar (es), endulcorar, endulzar (es)
Swedish: sockra (sv)
Turkish: şekerlemek (tr)

to make something seem less unpleasant

Danish: indsukre
Finnish: pehmentää (fi), kaunistella (fi)
German: versüßen (de)
Italian: zuccherare (it)
Polish: osładzać impf, osłodzić pf
Portuguese: açucarar (pt), suavizar (pt)
Romanian: îndulci (ro)
Russian: подсласти́ть (ru) pf (podslastítʹ)
Slovene: sladkati
Spanish: azucarar (es), endulzar (es)
Swedish: sockra (sv)

Interjection

sugar

(minced oath) Used in place of shit!
- 1920, James A. Cooper, Tobias O' the Light: A Story of Cape Cod‎:
  "Oh, sugar! I suppose that's so," reflected Tobias, filling his pipe.
- 2007, Melinda Henneberger, If They Only Listened to Us: What Women Voters Want Politicians to Hear‎:
  But they do not even hope for such a thing in '08, and fear far worse: Sister Suzanne Thibault, a lifelong Republican so mild she shouts, “Oh, sugar!” when annoyed, posits that if Hillary Clinton were nominated, “She'd get killed, literally assassinated. We have too many right-wing people out there who would do that."
- 2012, Macy Beckett, Sultry with a Twist‎:
  “Oh, sugar.” His room was empty.
Oh, sugar!

Derived terms

sugar honey ice tea

Translations

minced oath

Finnish: vitsi (fi), pannahinen (fi)
French: zut (fr), fichtre (fr)
German: Scheibenkleister (de) m, Scheibenhonig m
Irish: siúcra
Portuguese: mkrda, ferca, herfa, merca (pt)
Russian: блин (ru) m (blin, literally “pancake”)
Spanish: jolines (es)

Anagrams

Argus, Guras, argus, gaurs, guars, ragus, ragùs

Basque

Etymology

From su +‎ gar.

Noun

sugar inan

flame

Galician

Alternative forms

chuchar, suchar, zugar

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sucāre, from Latin sugere, present active infinitive of sugō, from Proto-Indo-European *sug-, *suk-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [suˈɣaɾ]

Verb

sugar (first-person singular present sugo, first-person singular preterite suguei, past participle sugado)

to suck
- 1858, O Seor Pedro, Romance Gallego.... Santiago: Imprenta de Manuel Mirás, page 2:
  Deixáradesme ir pra terra, pra que as miñocas as tripas e os ósos me esfuracasen e me sugasen axiña
  You'll let me go to the earth, so that promptly the earthworms drill and suck my guts and bones

Conjugation

Note: sug- are changed to sugu- before front vowels (e).

Conjugation of sugar

	singular			plural
person	first	second	third	first	second	third
Infinitive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal	sugar
personal	sugar	sugares	sugar	sugarmos	sugardes	sugaren
Gerund
	sugando
Past participle	singular			plural
masculine	sugado			sugados
feminine	sugada			sugadas
Indicative	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	sugo	sugas	suga	sugamos	sugades	sugan
imperfect	sugaba	sugabas	sugaba	sugabamos	sugabades	sugaban
preterite	suguei	sugaches	sugou	sugamos	sugastes	sugaron
pluperfect	sugara	sugaras	sugara	sugaramos	sugarades	sugaran
future	sugarei	sugarás	sugará	sugaremos	sugaredes	sugarán
conditional	sugaría	sugarías	sugaría	sugariamos	sugariades	sugarían
Subjunctive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	sugue	sugues	sugue	suguemos	suguedes	suguen
preterite	sugase	sugases	sugase	sugásemos	sugásedes	sugasen
future	sugar	sugares	sugar	sugarmos	sugardes	sugaren
Imperative	–	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative	–	suga	sugue	suguemos	sugade	suguen
negative	–	sugues	sugue	suguemos	suguedes	suguen

Derived terms

sugota

Related terms

samesuga

References

“semesuga” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
“sugar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“sugar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
“zugar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from German saugen and Latin sūgere, present active infinitive of sūgō, and to some extent English suck.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /suˈɡar/

Verb

sugar (present tense sugas, past tense sugis, future tense sugos, imperative sugez, conditional sugus)

(transitive) to suck (candy, etc., something from something)
Sugar la suko de oranjo.
To suck the juice from an orange.

Conjugation

Conjugation of sugar

		present	past	future
infinitive		sugar	sugir	sugor
tense		sugas	sugis	sugos
conditional		sugus
imperative		sugez
adjective active participle		suganta	suginta	sugonta
adverbial active participle		sugante	suginte	sugonte
nominal active participle	singular	suganto	suginto	sugonto
nominal active participle	plural	suganti	suginti	sugonti
adjective passive participle		sugata	sugita	sugota
adverbial passive participle		sugate	sugite	sugote
nominal passive participle	singular	sugato	sugito	sugoto
nominal passive participle	plural	sugati	sugiti	sugoti

Derived terms

suganta (“sucking; (zool.) suctorial”)
sugilo (“sucker (as of an insect)”)
mamsugar (“to suckle”)

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsuː.ɡar/, [ˈs̠uːɡär]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.ɡar/, [ˈsuːɡär]

Verb

sūgar

first-person singular future passive indicative of sūgō

Portuguese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sucāre, from Latin sūgere, from Proto-Indo-European *sug-, *suk-. Cognate with Galician sugar.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈɡa(ʁ)/ [suˈɡa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /suˈɡa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /suˈɡa(ʁ)/ [suˈɡa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /suˈɡa(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /suˈɡaɾ/ [suˈɣaɾ]

Hyphenation: su‧gar

Verb

sugar (first-person singular present sugo, first-person singular preterite suguei, past participle sugado)

to suck

Conjugation

Conjugation of sugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	sugar
Personal	sugar	sugares	sugar	sugarmos	sugardes	sugarem
Gerund
	sugando
Past participle
Masculine	sugado			sugados
Feminine	sugada			sugadas
Indicative
Present	sugo	sugas	suga	sugamos	sugais	sugam
Imperfect	sugava	sugavas	sugava	sugávamos	sugáveis	sugavam
Preterite	suguei	sugaste	sugou	sugamos¹, sugámos²	sugastes	sugaram
Pluperfect	sugara	sugaras	sugara	sugáramos	sugáreis	sugaram
Future	sugarei	sugarás	sugará	sugaremos	sugareis	sugarão
Conditional
	sugaria	sugarias	sugaria	sugaríamos	sugaríeis	sugariam
Subjunctive
Present	sugue	sugues	sugue	suguemos	sugueis	suguem
Imperfect	sugasse	sugasses	sugasse	sugássemos	sugásseis	sugassem
Future	sugar	sugares	sugar	sugarmos	sugardes	sugarem
Imperative
Affirmative		suga	sugue	suguemos	sugai	suguem
Negative (não)		não sugues	não sugue	não suguemos	não sugueis	não suguem

¹Brazil.
²Portugal.

Romanian

Etymology

From suge (“to suck”) +‎ -ar. Compare Dalmatian sugol (“lamb”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /suˈɡar/

Adjective

sugar m or n (feminine singular sugară, masculine plural sugari, feminine and neuter plural sugare)

suckling

Declension

Declension of sugar

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	sugar		sugară	sugari	sugare
nominative/ accusative	definite	sugarul		sugara	sugarii	sugarele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	sugar		sugare	sugari	sugare
genitive/ dative	definite	sugarului		sugarei	sugarilor	sugarelor

Noun

sugar m (plural sugari, feminine equivalent sugară)

unweaned baby, newborn
suckling, young mammal that hasn't weaned yet

Declension

Declension of sugar

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) sugar	sugarul	(niște) sugari	sugarii
genitive/dative	(unui) sugar	sugarului	(unor) sugari	sugarilor
vocative	sugarule		sugarilor

Synonyms

sugaci

Venetian

Etymology

From Latin exsūcāre, present active infinitive of exsūcō (“I juice; I dry”) (compare Italian asciugare, Friulian suiâ).

Verb

sugar

(transitive) to wipe, dry

Conjugation

Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of sugar (first conjugation)

person	singular			plural
infinitive	sugar
auxiliary verb		aver	gerund		sugando
past participle		sugà
person	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	sugo	(te) sughi	(el/ła) suga	sughémo, sugòn	sughé	(i/łe) suga
imperfect	sugava	(te) sugavi	(el/ła) sugava	sugàvimo	sugavi	(i/łe) sugava
future	sugarò	(te) sugarè	(el/ła) sugarà	sugarémo	sugarè	(i/łe) sugarà
conditional	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	sugarìa	(te) sugarisi	(el/ła) sugarìa	sugarìsimo	sugarisi	(i/łe) sugarìa
subjunctive	che mi	che ti	che eło / eła	che noialtri / noialtre	che voialtri / voialtre	che łuri / łore
present	sughe, suga	(te) sughi	(el/ła) sughe, (el/ła) suga	sughémo, sugone	sughé	(i/łe) sughe, (i/łe) suga
imperfect	sugase	(te) sugasi	(el/ła) sugase	sugàsimo	sugasi	(i/łe) sugase
imperative	—	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
imperative	—	(te) suga	(el/ła) suga, (el/ła) sughe	sughémo	sughé	(i/łe) suga, (i/łe) sughe

Related terms

sugaman