sudah
Indonesian
Alternative forms
- udah (colloquial)
- dah (colloquial)
Etymology
From Malay sudah, borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha).
Verb
sudah
- perfective aspect, indicating that the process has been accomplished.
Usage notes
Sudah is often translated as already in Indonesian and Malay language textbooks to convey its meaning in the languages which express perfective aspect through inflection.
Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- kesudahan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- sudah-sudah [reduplication] (redup)
- sesudah [comparability] (se-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- sesudahnya
- berkesudahan
- menyudahi
See also
- belum
- telah
- telanjur
Further reading
- “sudah” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Alternative forms
- da (slang)
- dah (slang)
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit शुद्ध (śuddha).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sudah/
- Rhymes: -udah, -dah, -ah
Adjective
sudah (Jawi spelling سوده)
- done, finished, completed
- enough, sufficient
Adverb
sudah (Jawi spelling سوده)
- already
- Kamu sudah makan kah?
- Have you eaten yet?
Usage notes
Sudah is often translated as already in Indonesian and Malay language textbooks to convey its meaning in the languages which express perfective aspect through inflection. The word is often shortened to dah in casual speech.
See also
- telah
Further reading
- “sudah” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.